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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/12/09 21:09:47」(JST)
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Podoviridae |
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Typical structure of a podovirus |
Virus classification |
Group: |
Group I (dsDNA) |
Order: |
Caudovirales |
Family: |
Podoviridae |
Sub-families |
- Autographivirinae
- Picovirinae
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Podoviridae is a family of bacteriophages. This family is characterized by having very short, noncontractile tails.
Contents
- 1 Virology
- 2 Taxonomy
- 3 References
- 4 External Links
Virology
The viron is nonenveloped with a head-tail structure. There are 9 structural proteins.
The head is ~60 nanometers (nm) in diameter, consists of 72 capsomers and is icosahedral with a T = 7 symmetry. The head protein has a molecular mass of ~38 kiloDaltons and is present in 460 copies per virion.
The tail is non-contractile and has 6 short subterminal fibers. It is thick and rod-shaped and built of stacked disks. The maximum length is ~17 nm.
The double stranded DNA genome is linear ~40–42 kilobases in length and encodes ~55 genes. The guanine + cytosine content is ~50%. It has terminally redundant sequences and is nonpermuted. By weight, the genome constitutes ~50% of the viron.
The genome encodes 9 structural proteins, an adenylated transferase B type DNA polymerase and an RNA polymerase. Three internal proteins constitute the polymerase complex.
Two classes of genes are recognized (early and late). This classification is based on the timing of transcription that is temporally regulated. Genes with related functions are clustered together. Genome replication is bidirectional.
In general, these viruses tend to be lytic rather than lysogenic.
Taxonomy
Genera within this family have ~40% homology between corresponding proteins. Subfamiles have ~20% homology between corresponding proteins.
This family is divided into two subfamiles (Autographivirinae and Picovirinae) and a number of genera awaiting classification into subfamilies.[1][2]
- Subfamily Autographivirinae
- Genus Phikmvlikevirus; type species: Pseudomonas phage phiKMV
- Species:
- Pseudomonas phage LKA1
- Pantoea phage Limelight
- Pantoea phage Limezero
- Pseudomonas phage phiKMV
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- Genus Sp6likevirus; type species: Enterobacteria phage SP6
- Species:
- Enterobacteria phage K1-5
- Enterobacteria phage K1E
- Enterobacteria phage K5
- Enterobacteria phage SP6
- Enterobacteria phage Era103
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- Genus T7likevirus; type species: Enterobacteria phage T7
- Species:
- Enterobacteria phage T7
- Kluyvera phage Kvp1
- Pseudomonas phage gh-1
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- Autographivirinae Not Assigned to a Genus:
- Species:
- Prochlorococcus phage P-SSP7
- Synechococcus phage P60
- Synechococcus phage syn5
- Subfamily Picovirinae
- Genus Ahjdlikevirus; type species: Staphylococcus phage 44AHJD
- Species:
- Staphylococcus phage 44AHJD
- Streptococcus phage C1
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- Genus Phi29likevirus; type species: Bacillus phage phi29
- Species:
- Bacillus phage B103
- Bacillus phage GA-1
- Bacillus phage phi29
- Kurthia phage 6
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- Picovirinae Not Assigned to a Genus:
- Species:
- Actinomyces phage Av-1
- Mycoplasma phage P1
- Streptococcus phage Cp-1
Other genera awaiting classification into subfamilies:
- Genus Bppunalikevirus; type species: Bordetella phage BPP-1
- Species:
- Bordetella phage BPP-1
- Burkholderia phage BcepC6B
- Genus Epsilon15likevirus; type species: Salmonella phage epsilon15
- Species:
- Escherichia phage PhiV10
- Salmonella phage epsilon15
- Genus Luz24likevirus; type species: Pseudomonas phage LUZ24
- Species:
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage LUZ24
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage PaP3
- Genus N4likevirus; type species: Enterobacteria phage N4
- Genus P22likevirus; type species: Enterobacteria phage P22
- Species:
- Enterobacteria phage P22
- Enterobacteria phage HK620
- Enterobacteria phage ST64T
- Shigella phage Sf6
- Genus Phieco32likevirus; type species: Enterobacteria phage Phieco32
- Species:
- Enterobacteria phage Phieco32
- Podoviridae Not Assigned to a Genus
- Species:
- Endosymbiont phage APSE-1
- Lactococcus phage KSY1
- Phormidium phage Pf-WMP3
- Phormidium phage Pf-WMP4
- Pseudomonas phage 119X
- Pseudomonas phage F116
- Roseobacter phage SIO1
- Vibrio phage VpV262
Proposed Genera
The following genera have been proposed but are not currently ratified by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses:[2][3][4][5][6][7]
- Genus 119xlikevirus; type species: Pseudomonas phage 119X
- Genus Cba40unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi40:1
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi40:1
- Cellulophaga phage phi38:1
- Genus Cba183likevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi18:3
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi18:3
- Cellulophaga phage phi13:2
- Cellulophaga phage phi19:3
- Cellulophaga phage phi46:3
- Genus Cba142likevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi14:2
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi14:2
- Genus Cba4unalikevirus; type species: Cellulophaga phage phi4:1
- Species:
- Cellulophaga phage phi4:1
- Cellulophaga phage phi17:2
- Genus Cpvunalikevirus; type species: Clostridium phage CpV1
- Genus Gap227likevirus; type species: Cronobacter phage vB CsaP GAP227
- Species:
- Cronobacter phage vB CsaP GAP227
- Yersinia phage phiR8-01
- Yersinia phage phi80-18
- Aeromonas phage phiAS7
- Genus P60likevirus (synonyms = Marine Picocyanobacteria Podovirus subgroup or MPP subgroup); type species: Synechococcus phage P60
- Genus pelagiphages (informal); type species: Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P
- Species:
- Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P MAR122
- Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P MAR123
- Pelagibacter phage HTVC010P MAR124
- Genus Vp2likevirus; type species: Vibrio phage VP2
- Genus Ys6unalikevirus; type species: Weissella phage phiYS61
References
- ^ "International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses". ictvonline.org. Virology Division of IUMS. 2014. Retrieved August 14, 2014.
- ^ a b Lavigne, R.; Seto, D.; Mahadevan, P.; Ackermann, H. W.; Kropinski, A. M. (2008). "Unifying classical and molecular taxonomic classification: analysis of the Podoviridae using BLASTP-based tools". Research in Microbiology 159 (5): 406–14. doi:10.1016/j.resmic.2008.03.005. PMID 18555669. edit
- ^ Abbasifar R, Kropinski AM, Sabour PM, Ackermann HW, Alanis Villa A, Abbasifar A, Griffiths MW (2013) The genome of Cronobacter sakazakii bacteriophage vB_CsaP_GAP227 suggests a new genus within the Autographivirinae. Genome Announc 1(1). pii: e00122-12. doi:10.1128/genomeA.00122-12
- ^ Labrie SJ, Frois-Moniz K, Osburne MS, Kelly L, Roggensack SE, Sullivan MB, Gearin G, Zeng Q, Fitzgerald M, Henn MR, Chisholm SW (2012) Genomes of marine cyanopodoviruses reveal multiple origins of diversity. Environ Microbiol doi:10.1111/1462-2920.12053
- ^ Kleppen HP, Holo H, Jeon SR, Nes IF, Yoon SS (2012) A novel bacteriophage of the Podoviridae family infecting Weissella cibaria isolated from kimchi. Appl Environ Microbiol doi:10.1128/AEM.00031-12
- ^ Mizuno, C. M.; Rodriguez-Valera, F.; Kimes, N. E.; Ghai, R. (2013). "Expanding the Marine Virosphere Using Metagenomics". PLoS Genetics 9 (12): e1003987. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003987. PMID 24348267. edit
- ^ Holmfeldt, K.; Solonenko, N.; Shah, M.; Corrier, K.; Riemann, L.; Verberkmoes, N. C.; Sullivan, M. B. (2013). "Twelve previously unknown phage genera are ubiquitous in global oceans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110 (31): 12798. doi:10.1073/pnas.1305956110. edit
External Links
- ViralZone entry on Podoviridae
- Complete Genomes of Podoviridae
Baltimore (virus classification)
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DNA |
I: dsDNA viruses
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Caudovirales
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- Myoviridae
- Podoviridae
- Siphoviridae
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Herpesvirales
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- Alloherpesviridae
- Herpesviridae
- Malacoherpesviridae
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Ligamenvirales
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- Lipothrixviridae
- Rudiviridae
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Unassigned
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- NLCDV: Asfarviridae
- Iridoviridae
- Marseilleviridae
- Megaviridae
- Mimiviridae
- Phycodnaviridae
- Poxviridae
- nonenveloped: Adenoviridae
- Papillomaviridae
- Papovaviridae (obsolete)
- Polyomaviridae
- Ampullaviridae
- Ascoviridae
- Baculoviridae
- Bicaudaviridae
- Clavaviridae
- Corticoviridae
- Fuselloviridae
- Globuloviridae
- Guttaviridae
- Hytrosaviridae
- Nimaviridae
- Plasmaviridae
- Tectiviridae
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II: ssDNA viruses
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- Anelloviridae
- Bacillariodnaviridae
- Circoviridae
- Geminiviridae
- Inoviridae
- Microviridae
- Nanoviridae
- Parvoviridae
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RNA |
III: dsRNA viruses
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- Birnaviridae
- Chrysoviridae
- Cystoviridae
- Hypoviridae
- Partitiviridae
- Reoviridae
- Totiviridae
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IV: (+)ssRNA viruses (primarily icosahedral)
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Nidovirales
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- Arteriviridae
- Coronaviridae
- Roniviridae
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Picornavirales
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- Dicistroviridae
- Iflaviridae
- Marnaviridae
- Picornaviridae
- Secoviridae
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Tymovirales
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- Alphaflexiviridae
- Betaflexiviridae
- Gammaflexiviridae
- Tymoviridae
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Unassigned
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- Astroviridae
- Barnaviridae
- Bromoviridae
- Caliciviridae
- Closteroviridae
- Comoviridae
- Flaviviridae
- Flexiviridae
- Leviviridae
- Luteoviridae
- Narnaviridae
- Nodaviridae
- Potyviridae
- Sequiviridae
- Tetraviridae
- Togaviridae
- Tombusviridae
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V: (-)ssRNA viruses (primarily helical)
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Mononegavirales
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- Bornaviridae
- Filoviridae
- Paramyxoviridae
- Rhabdoviridae
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Unassigned
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- Arenaviridae
- Bunyaviridae
- Orthomyxoviridae
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RT |
VI: ssRNA-RT viruses
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- Metaviridae
- Pseudoviridae
- Retroviridae
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VII: dsDNA-RT viruses
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- Caulimoviridae
- Hepadnaviridae
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cutn/syst (hppv/hiva, infl/zost/zoon)/epon
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drug (dnaa, rnaa, rtva, vacc)
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English Journal
- Complete genomic sequence of the Vibrio alginolyticus bacteriophage Vp670 and characterization of the lysis-related genes, cwlQ and holA.
- Luo P1,2, Yun L1,3, Li Y1,3, Tian Y1,3, Liu Q1,3, Huang W4,5, Hu C6,7.
- BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2018 Oct 11;19(1):741. doi: 10.1186/s12864-018-5131-x.
- PMID 30305030
- Dodecagonal plasmonic quasicrystals for phage-based biosensing.
- Rippa M1, Castagna R, Zhou J, Paradiso R, Borriello G, Bobeico E, Petti L.
- Nanotechnology.Nanotechnology.2018 Oct 5;29(40):405501. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad2f5. Epub 2018 Jul 12.
- PMID 29998850
- Novel lytic bacteriophages of Klebsiella oxytoca ABG-IAUF-1 as the potential agents for mastitis phage therapy.
- Amiri Fahliyani S1, Beheshti-Maal K1, Ghandehari F1.
- FEMS microbiology letters.FEMS Microbiol Lett.2018 Oct 1;365(20). doi: 10.1093/femsle/fny223.
- PMID 30212876
Japanese Journal
- Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage KPP21 belonging to family Podoviridae genus N4-like viruses isolated in Japan
- Bacteriophage control of Pseudomonas plecoglossicida infection in ayu.
Related Links
- Podoviridae is a family of viruses in the order Caudovirales. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. There are currently 50 species in this family, divided among 20 genera. [1] [2] This family is characterized by having very short, noncontractile ...
- A knowledge resource to understand virus diversity ... Non-enveloped, head-tail structure. Head is icosahedral, about 60 nm in diameter. The tail is non-contractile, has 6 short subterminal fibers. GENOME
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