Picardie

　

WordNet

1. a region of northern France on the English Channel (同)Picardy

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/28 22:30:55」(JST)

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This article is about the French region. For other uses, see Picardy (disambiguation).

Picardy Picardie
Region of France
Flag
Country	France
Prefecture	Amiens
Departments	3 Aisne Oise Somme
Government
• President	Claude Gewerc (PS)
Area
• Total	19,399 km2 (7,490 sq mi)
Population (2007-01-01)
• Total	1,890,000
• Density	97/km2 (250/sq mi)
Demonym(s)	Picards
Time zone	CET (UTC+1)
• Summer (DST)	CEST (UTC+2)
ISO 3166 code	FR-S
GDP (2012)	Ranked 14th
Total	€46.7 billion (US$60.1 bn)
Per capita	€24,751 (US$31,748)
NUTS Region	FR2
Website	cr-picardie.fr

Picardy (/ˈpɪkədɪ/; French: Picardie, French pronunciation: ​[pi.kaʁ.di]) is one of the 27 regions of France. It is located in the northern part of France.

History

The historical province of Picardy within modern French borders

The historical province of Picardy stretched from north of Noyon to Calais, via the whole of the Somme department and the north of the Aisne department. The province of Artois (Arras area) separated Picardy from French Flanders.

Middle Ages

From the 5th century the area was part of the Frankish Empire, and in the feudal period it encompassed the six countships of Boulogne, Montreuil, Ponthieu, Amiénois, Vermandois, and Laonnois. According to the 843 Treaty of Verdun the region became part of West Francia, the later Kingdom of France.

The name "Picardy" (which may have referred to a Frankish tribe of picards or pike-bearers) was not used until the 12th or 13th century. During this time, the name applied to all lands where the Picard language was spoken, which included all the territories from Paris to the Netherlands. In the Latin Quarter of Paris, people identified a "Picard Nation" (Nation Picarde) of students at Sorbonne University, most of whom actually came from Flanders. During the Hundred Years' War, Picardy was the centre of the Jacquerie peasant revolt in 1358.

From 1419 onwards, the Picardy counties (Boulogne, Ponthieu, Amiens, Vermandois) were gradually acquired by the Burgundian duke Philip the Good, confirmed by King Charles VII of France at the 1435 Congress of Arras. They were again seized by King Louis XI of France after the Burgundian Wars and the death of Duke Charles the Bold in 1477.

Modern era

In the 16th century, the government (military region) of Picardy was created. This became a new administrative region of France, separate from what was historically defined as Picardy. The new Picardy included the Somme département, the northern half of the Aisne département, and a small fringe in the north of the Oise département.

In the 17th century, an infectious disease similar to English sweat originated from the region and spread across France. It was called Suette des picards or Picardy sweat.

Sugar beet was introduced by Napoleon I during the Napoleonic Wars in the 19th century, in order to counter the United Kingdom, which had seized the sugar islands possessed by France in the Caribbean. The sugar industry has continued to play a prominent role in the economy of the region.

One of the most significant historical events to occur in Picardy was the series of battles fought along the Somme during World War I. From September 1914 to August 1918, four major battles, including the Battle of the Somme, were fought by British, French, and German forces in the fields of Northern Picardy.

Picardy today

This painting by Pierre Puvis de Chavannes recalls the "Golden Age" in the history of the province of Picardy. The Walters Art Museum.

In 2009, the Regional Committee for local government reform proposed to reduce the number of French regions and cancel additions of new regions in the near future. Picardy would have disappeared, and each department would have joined a nearby region. The Oise would have been incorporated in the Île-de-France, the Somme would have been incorporated in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais and Aisne would have been incorporated in the Champagne-Ardenne. The vast majority of Picards were opposed to this proposal, and it was scrapped in 2010 (see newspaper: "Courrier Picard").

Today, the modern region of Picardy no longer includes the coastline from Berck to Calais, via Boulogne (Boulonais), that is now in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region, but does incorporate the pays of Beauvaisis, Valois, Noyonnais, Laonnois, Soissonnais, Omois, among other departments of France. The older definition of Picardy survives in the name of the Picard language, which applies not only to the dialects of Picardy proper, but also to the Romance dialects spoken in the Nord-Pas de Calais région, north of Picardy proper, and parts of the Belgian province of Hainaut.

Geography

Landscape in Picardy

Between the 1990 and 1999 censuses, the population of Oise increased 0.61% per year (almost twice as fast as France as a whole), while the Aisne department lost inhabitants, and the Somme barely grew with a 0.16% growth per year. Today, 41.3% of the population of Picardy live inside the Oise department.

Picardy stretches from the long sand beaches of the Somme estuary in the west to the vast forests and pastures of the Thiérache in the east and down to the chateaux of Chantilly or Pierrefonds near the Paris Area and vineyards of the border with Champagne (Champagne picarde) to the south.

Administration

The president of the regional council is Claude Gewerc, a Socialist in office since 2004. That year he defeated longtime UDF incumbent Gilles de Robien.

Since 2008, the mayor of the city of Amiens, the regional capital, has been Socialist Gilles Demailly. He defeated longtime mayor Gilles de Robien of the New Centre party.

Distinctive brick building style demonstrated on a monument in the Somme, Picardy

Language and culture

Historically, the region of Picardy has a strong and proud cultural identity. The Picard (the local inhabitant and traditionally Picard language speakers) cultural heritage includes some of the most extraordinary Gothic churches (Amiens and Beauvais cathedrals or Saint-Quentin basilica), distinctive local cuisine (including ficelle picarde, flamiche aux poireaux, tarte au maroilles), beer (including from Péronne's de Clercq brewery) and traditional games and sports, such as the longue paume (ancestor of tennis), as well as danses picardes and its own bagpipes, called the pipasso.

The villages of Picardy have a distinct character, with their houses made of red bricks, often accented with a "lace" of white bricks. A minority of people still speak the Picard language, one of the languages of France, which is also spoken in Artois (Nord-Pas de Calais région). "P'tit quinquin", a Picard song, is a symbol of the local culture (and of that of Artois).

Arts and architecture

Picardy is the birthplace of Gothic architecture, housing six of the world's greatest examples of Gothic cathedrals, which envelop the history of Gothic architecture in its entirety. Amiens Cathedral, standing as the largest cathedral in Europe, which according to John Ruskin is the "Pantheon of Gothic architecture", could house the Notre-Dame de Paris twice over. It was built in as little as 50 years. Picardy also holds the tallest transept in the history of the Gothic period located on Saint-Pierre cathedral in Beauvais, Oise.

The Museum of Picardy, built between 1855 and 1867, houses a vast array of great works, spanning centuries. Archaeology from ancient Greece and Egypt to works of Pablo Picasso. The museum was built for the very reason it is used today. Although Picardy is one of the least-known regions in France, its influence from art and most certainly architecture is vivid throughout the world.

Major communities

Amiens

• Abbeville
• Amiens
• Beauvais
• Compiègne
• Creil
• Laon
• Saint-Quentin
• Soissons
• Morchain

In popular culture

• The song "Roses of Picardy" is a ballad written in 1916 during World War I. In 1927, the song title was used as the title of the silent British film of the same name.
• Picardy is one of the minor characters in the Japanese manga series Hetalia: Axis Powers.

References

External links

• Picardy : the other north of France - Official French website
• (French) Official regional council website
• Picardy, brief guide to the region and attractions
• Pictures of Picardy
• photos from Southern Picardy
• War Memorials in the Aisne region of Picardy
• War Memorials in the Oise region of Picardy
• War Memorials in the Eastern Somme
• War Memorials in the Western Somme

English Journal

• The role of biotic interactions in shaping distributions and realised assemblages of species: implications for species distribution modelling.

• Wisz MS, Pottier J, Kissling WD, Pellissier L, Lenoir J, Damgaard CF, Dormann CF, Forchhammer MC, Grytnes JA, Guisan A, Heikkinen RK, Høye TT, Kühn I, Luoto M, Maiorano L, Nilsson MC, Normand S, Ockinger E, Schmidt NM, Termansen M, Timmermann A, Wardle DA, Aastrup P, Svenning JC.SourceDepartment of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark Greenland Climate Research Centre, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Postboks 570, 3900 Nuuk, Greenland Faculty of Biology and Medicine, Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Group, Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Vejlsøvej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark Biometry and Environmental System Analysis, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Str. 4, 79104 Freiburg/Breisgau, Germany Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway Finnish Environment Institute, Natural Environment Centre, PO Box 140, FIN-00251 Helsinki, Finland Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Grenåvej 14, 8410 Rønde, Denmark Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Theodor-Lieser-Str. 4, 06120 Halle, Germany Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland Department of Forest Ecology and Management, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå 901 83, Sweden Dynamic Macroecology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Zürcherstr. 111, CH-8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, PO Box 7044, SE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Ecologie et Dynamiques des Systèmes Anthropisés, 1 Rue des Louvels, 80000 Amiens, France.
• Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc.2013 Feb;88(1):15-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2012.00235.x. Epub 2012 Jun 12.
• Predicting which species will occur together in the future, and where, remains one of the greatest challenges in ecology, and requires a sound understanding of how the abiotic and biotic environments interact with dispersal processes and history across scales. Biotic interactions and their dynamics
• PMID 22686347

• An age-related change in the ipsilateral silent period of a small hand muscle.

• Petitjean M, Ko JY.SourceService d'Explorations Fonctionnelles du Système Nerveux, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Amiens, Picardie, France; EA 2931 Biomécanique et Physiologie des Mouvements Naturels et des Gestes Sportifs, Université Paris Ouest Nanterre La Défense, Nanterre, France. Electronic address: petitjean.michel@chu-amiens.fr.
• Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.Clin Neurophysiol.2013 Feb;124(2):346-53. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.006. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
• OBJECTIVE: To establish the presence or absence of an age effect on the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) for the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscle in healthy subjects.METHODS: Twenty young adults (10 men, 10 women; age range: 20-40) and 20 older adults (10 men, 10 women; age range: 50-70) were ma
• PMID 22883478

• Control of disease activity and tumor size after introduction of pegvisomant in a lanreotide-resistant acromegalic patient.

• Fendri S, Karaca P, Tiev E, Buchfelder M, Lalau JD.SourceService d'endocrinologie-nutrition, hôpital Sud, université Picardie-Jules-Verne, centre hospitalier universitaire, 80054 Amiens, France.
• Annales d'endocrinologie.Ann Endocrinol (Paris).2013 Jan 18. pii: S0003-4266(12)01191-2. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2012.10.002. [Epub ahead of print]
• We report on a 30-year-old female acromegalic patient treated with the growth hormone (GH) receptor antagonist pegvisomant at a low dose after the failure of long-acting lanreotide, neurosurgery and radiotherapy treatment to restore IGF-1 levels. The combination treatment was well tolerated and prod
• PMID 23337021

Japanese Journal

• 4-2-1 MgH₂-TiH₂コンポジットのリチウムイオン二次電池負極特性

• 高岸 佳治,呂 佳穎,Ankur Jain,宮岡 裕樹,小島 由継,市川 貴之,Thibaut Chartrel,Jean-Pierre Bonnet
• 日本エネルギー学会大会講演要旨集 27(0), 136-137, 2018
• <p>In recent research field on lithium ion batteries, the various electrode materials are proposed and studied to realize the higher capacity and output power. Magnesium hydride (MgH<sub>2 …
• NAID 130007428266

• Crystal Structure of 2,8-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-vinylquinoline

• GUILLON Jean,DASSONVILLE-KLIMPT Alexandra,MOREAU Stéphane,LAUMAILLE Pierre,MARCHIVIE Mathieu,SONNET Pascal
• X-ray Structure Analysis Online 34(0), 15-16, 2018
• <p>The X-ray crystal structure of 2,8-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4-vinylquinoline, a key intermediate in the synthesis of potent antimalarial agents, has been established. It crystallizes in the mono …
• NAID 130006687578

• Fast decomposition of p-groups in the Roquette category, for p>2 (有限群とその表現,頂点作用素代数,代数的組合せ論の研究)

• Bouc Serge
• 数理解析研究所講究録 (1872), 113-121, 2014-01
• NAID 110009676089

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