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the distance between things; "fragile items require separation and cushioning" (同)separation
the difference in pitch between two notes (同)musical interval
a set containing all points (or all real numbers) between two given endpoints
the 16th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)p
a river in western Thailand; a major tributary of the Chao Phraya (同)Ping River

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(事と事の)間の時間,『合い間』;(物と物の)間の空間,間隔 / 《英》=intermission / 音程
public relations
parking
phosphorusの化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/07/08 17:28:03」(JST)

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Schematic representation of normal EKG

In electrocardiography, the PR interval is the period, measured in milliseconds, that extends from the beginning of the P wave (the onset of atrial depolarization) until the beginning of the QRS complex (the onset of ventricular depolarization); it is normally between 120 and 200ms in duration. If a Q wave is measured by EKG, the PR interval is sometimes termed the PQ interval.

Interpretation

Variations in the PR interval can be associated with certain medical conditions:

Duration
- A long PR interval (of over 200 ms) may indicate a first degree heart block.^[1] Prolongation can be associated with hypokalemia, acute rheumatic fever,^[2] or carditis associated with Lyme disease.^[3]
- A short PR interval (of less than 120ms) may be associated with Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome, Lown–Ganong–Levine syndrome, or Junctional rhythms.
- A variable PR interval may indicate other types of heart block.^{[citation needed]}
PR segment depression may indicate atrial injury^[4] or pericarditis.^[5]
Variable morphologies of P waves in a single EKG lead is suggestive of an ectopic pacemaker rhythm such as wandering pacemaker or multifocal atrial tachycardia.^{[citation needed]}

References

^ First-Degree Atrioventricular Block at eMedicine
^ http://www.utmb.edu/pedi_ed/core/cardiology/page_40.htm^{[full citation needed]}
^ Costello, J. M.; Alexander, M. E.; Greco, K. M.; Perez-Atayde, A. R.; Laussen, P. C. (2009). "Lyme Carditis in Children: Presentation, Predictive Factors, and Clinical Course". Pediatrics 123 (5): e835–41. doi:10.1542/peds.2008-3058. PMID 19403477.
^ Rao, B.N. Vijay Raghawa (2009). "Evolution of ECG Changes". Clinical Examinations in Cardiology. pp. 561–2. ISBN 978-81-312-0964-6.
^ Pedley, D. K.; Brett, C; Nichol, N (2002). "P-R segment depression: An early diagnostic feature in acute pericarditis: A telephone survey of UK accident and emergency departments". European Journal of Emergency Medicine 9 (1): 43–5. PMID 11989495.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 心電図チュートリアル：心電図分析の基本原則 ecg tutorial basic principles of ecg analysis
2. 第1度房室ブロック first degree atrioventricular block
3. 心電図チュートリアル：早期興奮症候群 ecg tutorial preexcitation syndromes
4. 早期興奮症候群における副伝導路の解剖学、病態生理、および局在 anatomy pathophysiology and localization of accessory pathways in the preexcitation syndrome
5. ラウン・ギャノン・レバイン症候群および房室結節促進伝導 lown ganong levine syndrome and enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction

English Journal

Optimisation of pulsed ultrasonic and microwave-assisted extraction for curcuminoids by response surface methodology and kinetic study.

Li M1, Ngadi MO2, Ma Y3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Dec 15;165:29-34. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.03.115. Epub 2014 Apr 1.
A response surface methodology and a kinetic study were used to optimise the pulsed ultrasonic and microwave techniques in the extraction of curcuminoids. Microwave-assisted extraction had the same efficiency as pulsed ultrasonic-assisted extraction, and both methods were better than continuous ultr
PMID 25038645

Effect of repeated retrogradation on structural characteristics and in vitro digestibility of waxy potato starch.

Xie YY1, Hu XP1, Jin ZY2, Xu XM2, Chen HQ3.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Nov 15;163:219-25. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.04.102. Epub 2014 May 9.
The effects of repeated retrogradation (RR) treatment on the structural characteristics and in vitro digestibility of waxy potato starch were investigated. The cycling times of RR ranging from 1 to 5 were designated as RR-1, RR-2, RR-3, RR-4, and RR-5, respectively. A maximum SDS content (40.41%) wa
PMID 24912719

Pharmacological evaluation of R(+)-pulegone on cardiac excitability: Role of potassium current blockage and control of action potential waveform.

Santos-Miranda A1, Gondim AN2, Menezes-Filho JE3, Vasconcelos CM3, Cruz JS1, Roman-Campos D4.
Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology.Phytomedicine.2014 Sep 15;21(10):1146-53. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.05.007. Epub 2014 Jun 7.
INTRODUCTION: R(+)-pulegone is a ketone monoterpene and it is the main constituent of essential oils in several plants. Previous studies provided some evidence that R(+)-pulegone may act on isolated cardiac myocytes. In this study, we evaluated in extended detail, the pharmacological effects of R(+)
PMID 24912864

Japanese Journal

Difference of Clinical Course after Catheter Ablation of Atrioventricular Nodal Reentrant Tachycardia between Younger and Older Patients: Atrial Vulnerability Predicts New Onset of Atrial Fibrillation

Arimoto Takanori,Watanabe Tetsu,Nitobe Joji,Iwayama Tadateru,Kutsuzawa Daisuke,Miyamoto Takuya,Miyashita Takehiko,Shishido Tetsuro,Takahashi Hiroki,Nozaki Naoki,Fukui Akio,Kubota Isao
Internal Medicine 50(16), 1649-1655, 2011
… During a mean follow-up period of 60.6 months, the rate of change in the PR interval from before ablation to follow-up was significantly greater in older patients compared with younger patients. … Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that atrial vulnerability, with induction of AF during the electrophysiological study, was the only predictor of the development of AF (Hazard ratio: 13.9, 95% confidence interval: 1.62-119.2, p<0.01). …
NAID 130000969364

てんかん性脳波異常のない異常運動を認める重症心身障害児例に対する抗てんかん剤の効果

後藤一也
てんかん研究 29(1), 64-71, 2011
… 異常運動（abnormal movement：AM）が頻発するものの、背景脳波活動が著しく抑制され、てんかん性脳波異常を認めない重症心身障害児（重症児）の1例を対象に24時間ビデオ脈拍数（pulse rate：PR）記録を行った。 … 頻脈とPR較差から求めたPR増加区間のビデオを観察し、AMの内容や頻度を分析した。 …
NAID 130000812061

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