出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2017/07/15 19:23:18」(JST)
Oo Oo
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ラテン文字 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Oは、ラテン文字(アルファベット)の15番目の文字。小文字は o 。ギリシャ文字の Ο(オミクロン)に由来し、キリル文字の О と同系の文字である。
円である。従って、アラビア数字の 0(ゼロ)と同じ形であり、タイプライターによっては 0(ゼロ)をこの字の大文字で代用することもあるが、現在のコンピューターでは別の文字として扱う。区別のために、0(ゼロ)に斜線を引いたり、この字の大文字の上部に筆記体のようなヒゲを付けたりすることがある。
手で書く場合には円の頂点から反時計回りに円を描く。筆記体では、
フラクトゥールでは、である。
この文字が表す音素は、/o/ ないしその類似音である。
(例)luve→love, cume→come
O は形が 0(ゼロ)とほぼ同じで紛らわしいため、略号としての使用は避けられることも多い。
大文字 | Unicode | JIS X 0213 | 文字参照 | 小文字 | Unicode | JIS X 0213 | 文字参照 | 備考 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
O | U+004F |
1-3-47 |
O O |
o | U+006F |
1-3-79 |
o o |
|
O | U+FF2F |
1-3-47 |
O O |
o | U+FF4F |
1-3-79 |
o o |
全角 |
Ⓞ | U+24C4 |
‐ |
Ⓞ Ⓞ |
ⓞ | U+24DE |
1-12-40 |
ⓞ ⓞ |
丸囲み |
🄞 | U+1F11E |
‐ |
🄞 🄞 |
⒪ | U+24AA |
‐ |
⒪ ⒪ |
括弧付き |
𝐎 | U+1D40E |
‐ |
𝐎 𝐎 |
𝐨 | U+1D428 |
‐ |
𝐨 𝐨 |
太字 |
フォネティックコード | モールス符号 |
Oscar | --- |
信号旗 | 手旗信号 | 点字 |
|
|
O (named o /ˈoʊ/, plural oes)[1] is the 15th letter and the second-to-last vowel in the modern English alphabet and the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
Its graphic form has remained fairly constant from Phoenician times until today. The name of the Phoenician letter was ʿeyn, meaning "eye"[citation needed], and indeed its shape originates simply as a drawing of a human eye (possibly inspired by the corresponding Egyptian hieroglyph, c.f. Proto-Sinaitic script). Its original sound value was that of a consonant, probably [ʕ], the sound represented by the cognate Arabic letter ع ʿayn.
The use of this Phoenician letter for a vowel sound is due to the early Greek alphabets, which adopted the letter as O "omicron" to represent the vowel /o/. The letter was adopted with this value in the Old Italic alphabets, including the early Latin alphabet. In Greek, a variation of the form later came to distinguish this long sound (Omega, meaning "large O") from the short o (Omicron, meaning "small o"). Greek omicron gave rise to the corresponding Cyrillic letter O and the early Italic letter to runic ᛟ.
Even alphabets that are not derived from Semitic tend to have similar forms to represent this sound; for example, the creators of the Afaka and Ol Chiki scripts, each invented in different parts of the world in the last century, both attributed their vowels for 'O' to the shape of the mouth when making this sound.[original research?]
The letter ⟨o⟩ is the fourth most common letter in the English alphabet.[2] Like the other English vowel letters, it has associated "long" and "short" pronunciations. The "long" ⟨o⟩ as in boat is actually most often a diphthong /oʊ/ (realized dialectically anywhere from [o] to [əʊ]). In English there is also a "short" ⟨o⟩ as in fox, /ɒ/, which sounds slightly different in different dialects. In most dialects of British English, it is either an open-mid back rounded vowel [ɔ] or an open back rounded vowel [ɒ]; in American English, it is most commonly an unrounded back to a central vowel [ɑ] to [a].
Common digraphs include ⟨oo⟩, which represents either /uː/ or /ʊ/; ⟨oi⟩ or ⟨oy⟩, which typically represents the diphthong /ɔɪ/, and ⟨ao⟩, ⟨oe⟩, and ⟨ou⟩ which represent a variety of pronunciations depending on context and etymology.
In other contexts, especially before a letter with a minim, ⟨o⟩ may represent the sound /ʌ/, as in 'son' or 'love'. It can also represent the semivowel /w/ as in choir or quinoa.
In English, the letter ⟨o⟩ in isolation before a noun, usually capitalized, marks the vocative case, as in the titles to O Canada or O Captain! My Captain! or certain verses of the Bible.[3]
⟨o⟩ is commonly associated with the open-mid back rounded vowel [ɔ], mid back rounded vowel [o̞] or close-mid back rounded vowel [o] in many languages. Other languages use ⟨o⟩ for various values, usually back vowels which are at least partly open. Derived letters such as ⟨ö⟩ and ⟨ø⟩ have been created for the alphabets of some languages to distinguish values that were not present in Latin and Greek, particularly rounded front vowels.
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, ⟨o⟩ represents the close-mid back rounded vowel.
Character | O | o | O | o | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O | LATIN SMALL LETTER O | FULLWIDTH LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O | FULLWIDTH LATIN SMALL LETTER O | ||||
Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 79 | U+004F | 111 | U+006F | 65327 | U+FF2F | 65359 | U+FF4F |
UTF-8 | 79 | 4F | 111 | 6F | 239 188 175 | EF BC AF | 239 189 143 | EF BD 8F |
Numeric character reference | O | O | o | o | O | O | o | o |
EBCDIC family | 214 | D6 | 150 | 96 | ||||
ASCII g1 | 79 | 4F | 111 | 6F |
NATO phonetic | Morse code |
Oscar | ––– |
Signal flag | Flag semaphore | Braille dots-135 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to O. |
Look up O in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Look up o in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Latin script
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Alphabets (list) |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Letters (list) |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Multigraphs |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Keyboard layouts (list) |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Standards |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lists |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
リンク元 | 「食道」 |
拡張検索 | 「KO」「SAPHO症候群」 |
関連記事 | 「Os」 |
O:食道入口部 esophageal orifice | |||
Ce: 頚部食道 cervical esophagus | |||
S: 胸骨上縁 margin of the sternum | |||
Te: 胸部食道 thoracic esophagus | Ut: 胸部上部食道 upper thoracic esophagus | ||
Mt: 胸部中部食道 middle thoracic esophagus | ↑ | B: 気管分岐部下縁 tracheal bifurcation | |
↓ | |||
Lt: 胸部下部食道 lower thoracic esophagus | ↑ | ||
D: 横隔膜 diaphragm | |||
H: 食道裂孔 esophageal hiatus | |||
Ae: 腹部食道 abdominal esophagus | ↓ | ||
EGJ: 食道胃接合部 esophagogastric junction |
部位 | 名称 | 筋肉 | 神経 | 運動性 | シナプスする構造 | 最終的な伝達物質 | 運動 | |
上部1/3 | 上食道括約部 | UES | 横紋筋 | 舌咽神経、迷走神経(疑核) | 随意性 | 運動終板のアセチルコリン受容体 | アセチルコリン | 弛緩 |
平滑筋 | 迷走神経 | 不随意性 | 壁内コリン作動性運動神経 | |||||
下端部 | 下食道括約部 | LES | 平滑筋 | 迷走神経 | 不随意性 | 壁内非アドレナリン作動性抑制運動神経 | NO, VIP | 弛緩 |
交感神経 | 平滑筋α受容体 | アドレナリン | 収縮 |
層構造 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | |||||||||
器官 | 単層扁平上皮 | 単層立方上皮 | 単層円柱上皮 | 角化重層扁平上皮 | 非角化重層扁平上皮 | 上皮表層の構成細胞 | 粘膜固有層 | 腺の構成細胞 | 粘膜筋板 | 粘膜下組織 (大抵、粗結合組織) |
筋層 | 漿膜(結合組織+単層扁平上皮) 外膜(結合組織のみ) | |||
食道 | ○ | 食道噴門腺 (咽頭付近と胃付近に局在)、粘液腺 |
粘液細胞 (スムーズに食べ物を流す) |
縱層 (縦走筋のみ) |
固有食道腺(粘液腺、管状胞状、ペプシノーゲン、リゾチーム) | 内輪筋層 外縱筋層 (食道上1/3:骨格筋、食道中1/3:骨格筋、平滑筋、食道下1/3:平滑筋) |
外膜(横隔膜まで) 漿膜 |
.