ミュラー細胞
WordNet
- small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
- a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
- a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
- (biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
- any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
- a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
- United States geneticist who studied the effects of X-rays on genes (1890-1967) (同)Hermann Joseph Muller
- German mathematician and astronomer (1436-1476) (同)Johann Muller, Regiomontanus
- German physiologist and anatomist (1801-1858) (同)Johannes Peter Muller
- Swiss physicist who studied superconductivity (born in 1927) (同)Karl Alex Muller
- British philologist (born in Germany) who specialized in Sanskrit (1823-1900) (同)Max Muller, Friedrich Max Muller
- Swiss chemist who synthesized DDT and discovered its use as an insecticide (1899-1965) (同)Paul Hermann Muller
- an island in western Scotland in the Inner Hebrides
- a vessel in which wine is mulled
PrepTutorEJDIC
- (刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/31 06:09:10」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Müller glia, or Müller cells, are glial cells found in the vertebrate retina, which serve as support cells for the neurons of the retina as all glial cells do. However, following injury to the retina, it has been shown in zebrafish that Müller glia undergo dedifferentiation into multipotent progenitor cells. The progenitor cell can then divide and differentiate into a number of retinal cell types, including photoreceptor cells, that may have been damaged during injury.[1] Additionally, further research has shown that Müller glia act as light collectors in the mammalian eye, analogous to the fiber optic plate, funneling light to the rod and cone photoreceptors.[2]
Contents
- 1 Role in development
- 2 Neuronal support
- 3 Use in research
- 4 See also
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Role in development[edit]
Müller glia have been shown to be critical to the development of the retina in mice, serving as promoters of retinal growth and histogenesis via a non-specific esterase mediated mechanism.[3] Müller glia have also been implicated to serve as guidepost cells for the developing axons of neurons in the chick retina.[4] Studies using a zebrafish model of Usher syndrome have implicated a role for Müller glia in synaptogenesis, the formation of synapses.[5]
Neuronal support[edit]
As glial cells, Müller glia serve a secondary but important role to neurons. As such, Müller glia have been shown to serve as important mediators of neurotransmitter (acetylcholine and GABA specifically) degradation and maintenance of a favorable retinal microenvironment in turtles.[6] Müller glia have also been shown to be important in the induction of glutamine synthetase in chicken embryos,[7] which is a process important in the regulation of glutamine activity in the central nervous system. Müller glia have been further identified as fundamental to the transmission of light through the vertebrate retina due to their unique funnel shape, orientation within the retina and more favorable physical properties.[8]
Use in research[edit]
Müller glia are currently being studied for their role in neural regeneration, a phenomenon that is not known to occur in humans.[9] Studies to this end of Müller glia in both the zebrafish[10] and chicken[11] retina have been performed, with the exact molecular mechanism of regeneration remaining unclear. Further studies performed in mice have shown that Müller glia begin to dedifferentiate and exhibit cell cycle markers, yet do not complete mitosis, which implies there is a block of the regeneration process that is unique to mammals.[12] Studies in human models have demonstrated that Müller glia have the potential to serve as stem cells in the adult retina[13] and are efficient rod photoreceptor progenitors.[14]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ Bernardos RL, Barthel LK, Meyers JR, Raymond PA. Late-stage neuronal progenitors in the retina are radial Müller glia that function as retinal stem cells. J Neurosci. 2007 Jun 27;27(26):7028-40. PMID 17596452
- ^ Müller cells acting as light conductor at The Register, based on Franze et al., Müller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina, PNAS 104(20):8287–8292, 15 May 2007 | 10.1073/pnas.0611180104
- ^ Bhattacharjee, J.; Sanyal, S. (1975). "Developmental origin and early differentiation of retinal Müller cells in mice". Journal of anatomy 120 (Pt 2): 367–372. PMC 1231976. PMID 1201967. edit
- ^ Meller, K.; Tetzlaff, W. (1976). "Scanning electron microscopic studies on the development of the chick retina". Cell and tissue research 170 (2): 145–159. PMID 954051. edit
- ^ Phillips, J. B.; Blanco-Sanchez, B.; Lentz, J. J.; Tallafuss, A.; Khanobdee, K.; Sampath, S.; Jacobs, Z. G.; Han, P. F. et al. (2011). "Harmonin (Ush1c) is required in zebrafish Müller glial cells for photoreceptor synaptic development and function". Disease Models & Mechanisms 4 (6): 786–800. doi:10.1242/dmm.006429. PMC 3209648. PMID 21757509. edit
- ^ Sarthy, P. V.; Lam, D. M. (1978). "Biochemical studies of isolated glial (muller) cells from the turtle retina". The Journal of Cell Biology 78 (3): 675–684. PMC 2110200. PMID 29902. edit
- ^ Linser, P.; Moscona, A. A. (1979). "Induction of glutamine synthetase in embryonic neural retina: localization in Müller fibers and dependence on cell interactions". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 76 (12): 6476–6480. doi:10.1073/pnas.76.12.6476. PMC 411888. PMID 42916. edit
- ^ Franze, K.; Grosche, J.; Skatchkov, S. N.; Schinkinger, S.; Foja, C.; Schild, D.; Uckermann, O.; Travis, K. et al. (2007). "Müller cells are living optical fibers in the vertebrate retina". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104 (20): 8287–8292. doi:10.1073/pnas.0611180104. PMC 1895942. PMID 17485670. edit
- ^ WebVision: Regeneration in the Visual System of Adult Mammals
- ^ Fausett, BV and Goldman, D. A role for a1 tubulin-expressing Müller glia in regeneration of the injured zebrafish retina. J. Neurosci. 26: 6303-6313, 2006; Raymond, PA, et al. Molecular characterization of retinal stem cells and their niches in adult zebrafish. BMC Dev Biol. Volume: 6, Issue: 2006, Date: 2006 09 12, Pages: 36
- ^ Fischer, AJ. Müller glia are a potential source of neural regeneration in the postnatal chicken retina Nat Neurosci. Volume: 4, Issue: Mar, Date: 2001 03 06, Pages: 247-52
- ^ Joly, S.; Pernet, V.; Samardzija, M.; Grimm, C. (2011). "Pax6-positive müller glia cells express cell cycle markers but do not proliferate after photoreceptor injury in the mouse retina". Glia 59 (7): 1033–1046. doi:10.1002/glia.21174. PMID 21500284. edit
- ^ Bhatia, B.; Jayaram, H.; Singhal, S.; Jones, M. F.; Limb, G. A. (2011). "Differences between the neurogenic and proliferative abilities of Müller glia with stem cell characteristics and the ciliary epithelium from the adult human eye". Experimental Eye Research 93 (6): 852–861. doi:10.1016/j.exer.2011.09.015. PMID 21989110. edit
- ^ Giannelli, S. G.; Demontis, G. C.; Pertile, G.; Rama, P.; Broccoli, V. (2011). "Adult Human Müller Glia Cells Are a Highly Efficient Source of Rod Photoreceptors". Stem Cells 29 (2): 344–356. doi:10.1002/stem.579. PMID 21732491. edit
External links[edit]
- New Hope For Regenerating Damaged Human Retina: Sleeping Stem Cells Successfully Awakened
- Müller cells at Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine
- Reichenbach A, Faude F, Enzmann V et al. (1997). "The Müller (glial) cell in normal and diseased retina: a case for single-cell electrophysiology". Ophthalmic Res. 29 (5): 326–40. doi:10.1159/000268031. PMID 9323724.
- NIF Search - Muller Cell via the Neuroscience Information Framework
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Sensory system – visual system – globe of eye (TA A15.2.1–6, TH 3.11.08.0-5, GA 10.1005)
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| Fibrous tunic (outer) |
| Sclera |
- Episcleral layer
- Schlemm's canal
- Trabecular meshwork
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| Cornea |
- Limbus
- layers
- Epithelium
- Bowman's
- Stroma
- Descemet's
- Endothelium
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| Uvea/vascular tunic (middle) |
| Choroid |
- Capillary lamina of choroid
- Bruch's membrane
- Sattler's layer
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| Ciliary body |
- Ciliary processes
- Ciliary muscle
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| Iris |
- Stroma
- Pupil
- Iris dilator muscle
- Iris sphincter muscle
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| Retina (inner) |
| Layers |
- Inner limiting membrane
- Nerve fiber layer
- Ganglion cell layer
- Inner plexiform layer
- Inner nuclear layer
- Outer plexiform layer
- Outer nuclear layer
- External limiting membrane
- Layer of rods and cones
- Retinal pigment epithelium
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| Cells |
Photoreceptor cells (Cone cell, Rod cell) → (Horizontal cell) → Bipolar cell → (Amacrine cell) → Retina ganglion cell (Midget cell, Parasol cell, Bistratified cell, Giant retina ganglion cells, Photosensitive ganglion cell) → Diencephalon: P cell, M cell, K cell
Muller glia
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| Anterior segment |
- Anterior chamber
- Aqueous humour
- Posterior chamber
- Lens
- Capsule of lens
- Zonule of Zinn
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| Posterior segment |
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| Other |
- Ocular immune system
- Tapetum lucidum
- Keratocytes
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anat (g/a/p)/phys/devp/prot
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proc, drug (S1A/1E/1F/1L)
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Loss of p(Ser2448) -mTOR expression is linked to adverse prognosis and tumor progression in ERG-fusion-positive cancers.
- Müller J, Ehlers A, Burkhardt L, Sirma H, Steuber T, Graefen M, Sauter G, Minner S, Simon R, Schlomm T, Michl U.SourceDepartment of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
- International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2013 Mar 15;132(6):1333-40. doi: 10.1002/ijc.27768. Epub 2012 Aug 30.
- Prevalence and clinical significance of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) phosphorylation at the serine 2448 is disputed in prostate cancer. A tissue microarray containing 3,261 prostate cancers and 49 normal prostate samples with clinical follow-up data was analyzed for p(Ser2448) -mTOR expressi
- PMID 22886792
- Protein Disulfide Isomerase Modification and Inhibition Contribute to ER Stress and Apoptosis Induced by Oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins.
- Muller C, Bandemer J, Vindis C, Camaré C, Mucher E, Guéraud F, Larroque-Cardoso P, Bernis C, Auge N, Salvayre R, Negre-Salvayre A.Source1 Inserm UMR-1048, Team "Atherosclerosis and Graft Arteriosclerosis", Toulouse, France .
- Antioxidants & redox signaling.Antioxid Redox Signal.2013 Mar 1;18(7):731-42. doi: 10.1089/ars.2012.4577. Epub 2012 Dec 21.
- Abstract Aims: Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an abundant endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone and oxidoreductase that catalyzes formation and rearrangement (isomerization) of disulfide bonds, thereby participating in protein folding. PDI modification by nitrosative stress is known
- PMID 23083489
Japanese Journal
- Comprehensive characterization of two different Nicotiana tabacum cell lines leads to doubled GFP and HA protein production by media optimization(PLANT BIOTECHNOLOLGY)
- Ullisch David A.,Muller Christina A.,Maibaum Sabrina,Kirchhoff Janina,Schiermeyer Andreas,Schillberg Stefan,Roberts Jean L.,Treffenfeldt Wiltrud,Buchs Jochen
- Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 113(2), 242-248, 2012-02
- … For over two decades, plant cell cultures have been a promising research platform to express recombinant and therapeutic proteins such as hormones, growth factors, full-size antibodies and antigens. … Bright Yellow 2 (BY-2) cell line has been studied in shake flasks by offline analysis of only a few growth parameters. … The objective of this study is to comprehensively characterize the growth of a transgenic BY-2 cell line and to investigate the expression profile of the model protein GFP. …
- NAID 110009418676
- 3K1334 AFMを用いたシングルセルRNAiスクリーンによりM期細胞メカニクスを制御する疾病関連遺伝子が単離された(細胞生物的課題4,第49回年会講演予稿集)
- Toyoda Yusuke,Stewart Martin,Muller Daniel,Hyman Anthony
- 生物物理 51(SUPPLEMENT_1), S146, 2011-08-15
- NAID 110008903585
Related Links
- Müller glia, or Müller cells, are glial cells found in the vertebrate retina, which serve as support cells for the neurons of the retina as all glial cells do. However, following injury to the retina, it has been shown in zebrafish that Müller glia undergo ...
- Muller cell bodies sit in the inner nuclear layer and project irregularly thick and thin processes in either direction to the outer limiting membrane and to the inner limiting membrane. Muller cell processes insinuate themselves between cell ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- Muller glial cell、Muller cell
- 関
- ミューラーグリア細胞、ミューラー細胞、ミュラー細胞、Mullerグリア細胞、Muller細胞
[★]
- 英
- Muller glial cell、Muller cell
- 関
- ミューラー細胞、ミュラー細胞、ミュラーグリア細胞、Mullerグリア細胞、Muller細胞
[★]
- 英
- Muller cell
- 関
- ミューラーグリア細胞、ミューラー細胞、ミュラー細胞、ミュラーグリア細胞、Mullerグリア細胞
[★]
- 英
- Muller cell
- 関
- ミューラーグリア細胞、ミューラー細胞、ミュラー細胞、ミュラーグリア細胞、Muller細胞
[★]
- 英
- Müller cell, Muller cell
- 同
- 放線状膠細胞 radial glia
- 関
- 網膜
[★]
ミュラー、ミューラー
- 関
- Mueller
[★]
細胞