WordNet

(medicine) the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms and their multiplication which can lead to tissue damage and disease
(phonetics) the alteration of a speech sound under the influence of a neighboring sound
the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms
(international law) illegality that taints or contaminates a ship or cargo rendering it liable to seizure
moral corruption or contamination; "ambitious men are led astray by an infection that is almost unavoidable"
an incident in which an infectious disease is transmitted (同)contagion, transmission

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〈U〉(病気の)伝染;感染 / 〈C〉伝染病

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1. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in adults: Treatment of skin and soft tissue infections
2. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in adults: Epidemiology
3. 小児におけるメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌感染：疫学および臨床的な感染形式 methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infections in children epidemiology and clinical spectrum
4. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in adults: Prevention and control
5. 小児におけるメチシリン耐性黄色ブドウ球菌感染：予防および制御 methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus in children prevention and control

English Journal

Carriage of Staphylococcus species in the veterinary visiting dog population in mainland UK: Molecular characterisation of resistance and virulence.

Wedley AL1, Dawson S2, Maddox TW3, Coyne KP4, Pinchbeck GL4, Clegg P5, Jamrozy D6, Fielder MD6, Donovan D7, Nuttall T8, Williams NJ4.Author information 1Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK. Electronic address: a.l.wedley@liverpool.ac.uk.2School of Veterinary Science, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK.3Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK.4Department of Epidemiology and Population Health Research, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK.5Department of Infection Biology, Institute of Infection and Global Health, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK.6Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK.7School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, London, KT1 2EE, UK.8Small Animal Teaching Hospital, Leahurst Campus, University of Liverpool, CH64 7TE, UK; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Roslin, EH25 9RG, UK.AbstractThis study investigated the prevalence of nasal carriage of staphylococci in dogs and determined the characteristics of the isolates. A total of 724 dogs from 87 veterinary practices across the mainland UK were screened for carriage of Staphylococcus spp. All isolates were examined for meticillin resistance (MR) and the presence of the mecA gene investigated in those isolates showing resistance. All coagulase-positive staphylococci and MR coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Spa typing and DNA microarray analysis of resistance and virulence genes was carried out on all MR S. aureus (MRSA) and a subset of meticillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Staphylococci were isolated from 399 (55.1%) of the dogs; only seven (1%) carried MRSA, all of which were identified as the dominant UK healthcare-associated strain (EMRSA-15, ST22). MSSA was identified in 47 (6.5%) dogs, the sequence types of which have been suggested as precursors to successful MRSA clones. Forty (5.5%) dogs carried MRCoNS, while no dogs carried MR S. pseudintermedius, although this is increasingly reported in mainland Europe. Resistance to antimicrobials among the isolates varied between species, with multidrug resistance (MDR) in 87.5% of MRCoNS and 21.8% of coagulase positive staphylococci. Microarray analysis of MRSA and a subset of MSSA isolates identified numerous virulence genes associated with pathogenesis, which are commonly identified in isolates of human origin. However, no isolates carried Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes. This study suggests that MRSA carriage is low in the vet visiting dog population, but there is a diverse range of virulence and resistance determinants in canine S. aureus and MRCoNS isolates.
Veterinary microbiology.Vet Microbiol.2014 May 14;170(1-2):81-8. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.01.015. Epub 2014 Feb 2.
This study investigated the prevalence of nasal carriage of staphylococci in dogs and determined the characteristics of the isolates. A total of 724 dogs from 87 veterinary practices across the mainland UK were screened for carriage of Staphylococcus spp. All isolates were examined for meticillin re
PMID 24612909

Antibiofilm and Antimicrobial Efficacy of DispersinB(®)-KSL-W Peptide-Based Wound Gel Against Chronic Wound Infection Associated Bacteria.

Gawande PV1, Leung KP, Madhyastha S.Author information 1Kane Biotech Inc., 162-196 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 2N2, Canada, pgawande@kanebiotech.com.AbstractThe medical importance of bacterial biofilms has increased with the recognition of biofilms as one of the major contributors to the slow or non-healing chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and pressure ulcers. Being a protected community of microorganisms, biofilms are notoriously refractory to antibiotic treatments. As the conventional treatment modalities have proven ineffective, this study provides the in vitro evidence to support the use of a novel combination of DispersinB(®) antibiofilm enzyme that inhibits biofilm formation and disperses preformed biofilm, and thus making the biofilm bacteria more susceptible to a broad-spectrum KSL-W antimicrobial peptide. The combination of DispersinB(®) and KSL-W peptide showed synergistic antibiofilm and antimicrobial activity against chronic wound infection associated biofilm-embedded bacteria such as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Staphylococcus epidermidis, Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS), and Acinetobacter baumannii. In addition, the wound gel formulation comprising DispersinB(®), KSL-W peptide, and a gelling agent Pluronic F-127 showed a broad-spectrum and enduring antimicrobial activity against test organisms. Furthermore, as compared to commercial wound gel Silver-Sept™, DispersinB(®)-KSL-W peptide-based wound gel was significantly more effective in inhibiting the biofilm-embedded MRSA, S. epidermidis, CoNS, Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci, A. baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P < 0.05). Thus, this study provides promising evidence for the potential application of antibiofilm-antimicrobial DispersinB(®)-KSL-W wound gel in chronic wound management.
Current microbiology.Curr Microbiol.2014 May;68(5):635-41. doi: 10.1007/s00284-014-0519-6. Epub 2014 Jan 21.
The medical importance of bacterial biofilms has increased with the recognition of biofilms as one of the major contributors to the slow or non-healing chronic wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, and pressure ulcers. Being a protected community of microorganisms, biofilms are not
PMID 24445333

Does Colonization with Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Protect against Nosocomial Acquisition of Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus?

Landelle C1, Iten A, Uçkay I, Sax H, Camus V, Cohen G, Renzi G, Schrenzel J, Pittet D, Perrier A, Harbarth S.Author information 1Infection Control Program, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland.AbstractObjective. To test the hypothesis that methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) carriage may protect against nosocomial methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) acquisition by competing for colonization of the anterior nares. Design. Prospective cohort and nested case-control study. Setting. Swiss university hospital. Patients. All adult patients admitted to 14 wards of the general medicine division between April 1 and October 31, 2007. Methods. Patients were screened for MRSA and MSSA carriage at admission to and discharge from the division. Associations between nosocomial MRSA acquisition and MSSA colonization at admission and other confounders were analyzed by univariable and multivariable analysis. Results. Of 898 patients included, 183 (20%) were treated with antibiotics. Nosocomial MRSA acquisition occurred in 70 (8%) of the patients (case patients); 828 (92%) of the patients (control subjects) were free of MRSA colonization at discharge. MSSA carriage at admission was 20% and 21% for case patients and control subjects, respectively. After adjustment by multivariate logistic regression, no association was observed between MSSA colonization at admission and nosocomial MRSA acquisition (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.2 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.6-2.3]). By contrast, 4 independent predictors of nosocomial MRSA acquisition were identified: older age (aOR per 1-year increment, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02-1.08]); increased length of stay (aOR per 1-day increment, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02-1.09]); increased nursing workload index (aOR per 1-point increment, 1.02 [95% CI, 1.01-1.04]); and previous treatment with macrolides (aOR, 5.6 [95% CI, 1.8-17.7]). Conclusions. Endogenous MSSA colonization does not appear to protect against nosocomial MRSA acquisition in a population of medical patients without frequent antibiotic exposure.
Infection control and hospital epidemiology : the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol.2014 May;35(5):527-33. doi: 10.1086/675825. Epub 2014 Mar 19.
Objective. To test the hypothesis that methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) carriage may protect against nosocomial methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) acquisition by competing for colonization of the anterior nares. Design. Prospective cohort and nested case-control study. Se
PMID 24709721

Japanese Journal

市中感染型MRSAの分子疫学的調査 : 市販流通食肉がその感染媒体である可能性の検討

緒方喜久代,成松浩志,鈴木匡弘,樋口渉,山本達男,谷口初美
産業医科大学雑誌 36(3), 179-190, 2014-09-01
… や院内感染型MRSA(hospital-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (HA-MRSA))の起炎菌として公衆衛生上重要な位置を占めてきた.加えて近年,市中感染型MRSA(community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA))の増加が問題になっている.しかし,その感染源は明らかにされておらず,疫学情報の報告も少ない.本稿では,市中におけるMRSAの汚染状況 …
NAID 110009843728