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- MOPP protocol
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/05/29 10:14:26」(JST)
[Wiki ja表示]
イラク戦争におけるMOPPレベル4状態のアメリカ海兵隊員
任務志向防護態勢(にんむしこうぼうごたいせい Mission Oriented Protective Posture,MOPP)は、NBC戦に対応する準備状態を示す軍事用語。主にアメリカ軍などで用いられており、準備状態に合わせレベル0からレベル5で示される。
概要
化学兵器の使用を始めとするNBC戦においては、兵士が軍事行動を行なうにあたりガスマスクを始めとする特殊な個人装具を必要とする。
しかし、それらの装具は着用者に体力的な負担を強いるものであり、長時間・連続使用には問題が生じる。そのため、敵のNBC兵器使用を警戒しつつ、必要時のみ装具を着用し、効率的な軍事行動を行なうためにMOPPの考えが用いられるようになった。
レベル解説
- MOPPレベル0:ガスマスクの携行。上着、手袋、ブーツの準備。警戒状態。
- MOPPレベル1:上着の着用、ガス検知紙も着用状態にする。ガスマスクの携行。手袋、ブーツの準備。警戒状態。
- MOPPレベル2:上着、ブーツの着用、ガス検知紙も着用状態にする。ガスマスクの携行。手袋の準備。警戒状態。
- MOPPレベル3:ガスマスク、上着、ブーツの着用、ガス検知紙も着用状態。手袋の準備。NBC兵器攻撃後、低危険地域の場合。
- MOPPレベル4:ガスマスク、上着、ブーツ、手袋の着用、ガス検知紙も着用状態。NBC兵器攻撃後、高危険地域の場合。
外部リンク
- Mission-Oriented Protective Postures (MOPP)
- FM 7-98 USES OF MISSION-ORIENTED PROTECTIVE POSTURE
[Wiki en表示]
For the chemotherapy regimen, see MOPP (chemotherapy).
Marines in MOPP 4 gear during Operation Iraqi Freedom
MOPP (Mission Oriented Protective Posture) (acronym pronounced as "mop") is a protective gear used by military personnel in a toxic environment, e.g., during a chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) strike:
- Mask carrier — Protects the mask from damage. It is usually worn as part of battle gear for easy access and usually contains a technical manual, extra filter, spare parts, chemical detection papers, and nerve agent antidote kits (NAAK).
- Protective mask — Commonly referred to as a gas mask or pro mask. It is designed to filter harmful chemical and biological agents, as well as irradiated particles from the air to allow the wearer to breathe safely. No protective masks filter out gases such as carbon monoxide, and in situations requiring that level of protection, external breathing apparatus is employed.
- Over garments — Joint Service Lightweight Integrated Suit Technology (JSLIST) Specially designed clothing to be worn over the normal uniform. These garments are designed to allow maximum airflow for cooling while keeping chemical and biological agents from reaching the skin of the wearer. Some are equipped with a charcoal lining to neutralize some agents. Military personnel often equip over garments with strips of M9 Detector Paper to identify chemical agents on the battlefield they might come in contact with.
- M9 Detector paper is worn to detect chemical liquid agents that a soldier may brush against while in MOPP gear. It is worn in three different area of the suit. It is worn on your dominant arm, bicep area, on the wrist of your opposite arm, and on your dominant leg, shin area. It is also placed on lower levels of your vehicles for detection purposes.[citation needed]
- Gloves and overboots — (JSLIST) Highly durable rubber, designed with combat operations in mind. Used to prevent contact with agents.
Contents
- 1 MOPP protection levels
- 2 See also
- 3 References
- 4 External links
MOPP protection levels
Each MOPP level corresponds to an increasing level of protection. The readiness level will usually be dictated by the in-theatre commander. [1][2]
- MOPP Ready — Protective mask is carried. First set of suit, gloves, and boots are available within two hours, second set within six hours.
- MOPP Level 0 — Protective mask carried. Suit, gloves, and boots accessible/available.
- MOPP Level 1 — Suit worn. Mask, gloves and boots carried.
- MOPP Level 2 — Suit and boots worn. Gloves and mask carried.
- MOPP Level 3 — Suit, boots and mask worn. Gloves carried.
- MOPP Level 4 — All protection worn.
See also
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to MOPP. |
References
- ^ FM 3-4 Chptr 2 MOPP Analysis
- ^ 5 Levels of MOPP (ArmyStudyGuide.com)
External links
- Mission-Oriented Protective Postures (MOPP)
United States chemical weapons program
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Units, formations,
centers & institutes |
- 1st Gas Regiment
- U.S. Army Chemical Corps
- U.S. Army Chemical Center
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD)
- U.S. Army Chemical Materials Agency
- U.S. Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command
- Program Executive Office, Assembled Chemical Weapons Alternatives
- Chemical mortar battalion
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Industrial facilities |
- Anniston Army Depot
- Anniston Chemical Activity
- Blue Grass Army Depot
- Deseret Chemical Depot
- Edgewood Chemical Activity
- Hawthorne Army Depot
- Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System
- Newport Chemical Depot
- Pine Bluff Chemical Activity
- Pueblo Chemical Depot
- Tooele Chemical Agent Disposal Facility
- Umatilla Chemical Depot
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Operations
& projects |
Research |
- Edgewood Arsenal human experiments
- Operation Top Hat
- Project 112
- Project SHAD
- Operation LAC
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Operational |
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Disposal |
- Operation CHASE
- Operation Davy Jones' Locker
- Operation Geranium
- Operation Steel Box
- Operation Red Hat
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Chemical agents |
- 3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate (BZ)
- Chlorine
- Methylphosphonyl difluoride (DF)
- Phosgene
- QL
- Sarin (GB)
- Sulfur mustard (HD)
- VX
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Chemical munitions |
- Bigeye bomb
- M1 chemical mine
- M104 155mm Cartridge
- M110 155mm Cartridge
- M121 155mm Cartridge
- M125 bomblet
- M134 bomblet
- M138 bomblet
- M139 bomblet
- M2 mortar
- M23 chemical mine
- M34 cluster bomb
- M360 105mm Cartridge
- M426 8-inch shell
- M43 BZ cluster bomb
- M44 generator cluster
- M55 rocket
- M60 105mm Cartridge
- M687 155mm Cartridge
- XM-736 8-inch projectile
- MC-1 bomb
- M47 bomb
- Weteye bomb
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Protective equipment |
- CAIS
- M93 Fox
- MOPP
- People sniffer
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Related topics |
- CB military symbol
- Dugway sheep incident
- Unethical human experimentation in the United States
- MKULTRA
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United States biological defense program
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Organizations |
Federal
administrative |
DHS |
- DHS Chemical and Biological Defense Division
- DHS Office of Health Affairs (National Biosurvelliance Integration Center, BioWatch)
- National Biodefense Analysis and Countermeasures Center
- National Bio and Agro-Defense Facility
- National Bioforensic Analysis Center
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DNI |
- National Counterproliferation Center (Advisory Committee on Bioterrorism)
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DHHS |
- Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response
- Division of Select Agents and Toxins (CDC)
- National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity
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DoD |
- Assistant SECDEF for NCB Defense Programs
- Defense Threat Reduction Agency
- Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System
- Joint Program Executive Office of Chemical and Biological Defense (JPEO-CBD)
- National Center for Medical Intelligence
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Federal
research |
Trans-
departmental |
- National Interagency Confederation for Biological Research (National Integrated Biodefense Campus, Fort Detrick)
- Integrated National Biodefense Medical Countermeasures Portfolio (DHHS/DoD)
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Military |
- U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
- Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency
- Edgewood Chemical Biological Center
- Dugway Proving Ground
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Civilian |
- Galveston National Laboratory (UTMB/NIAID)
- Integrated Research Facility (HHS/NIAID)
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (HHS)
- Homeland Security Research Program (EPA/DHS)
- Plum Island Animal Disease Center (USDA)
- Foreign Disease Weed Science Research Unit (USDA)
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Response |
Local |
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State |
- State Health Departments
- Nebraska Biocontainment Patient Care Unit
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Federal |
- National Medical Response Team/National Pharmacy Response Team (NDMS, HHS)
- Chemical Biological Incident Response Force (USMC)
- Epidemic Intelligence Service (CDC)
- Aeromedical Biological Containment System (CDC)
- Bioterror Rapid Response and Advanced Technology Laboratory (CDC)
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Non-
governmental |
Academic centers
& think tanks |
- UPMC Center for Health Security (formerly Center for Biosecurity)
- Henry L. Stimson Center
- Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Pathogens (Brown University)
- Middle-Atlantic Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research
- Center for Biodefense Immune Modeling (University of Rochester)
- Johns Hopkins Center for Civilian Biodefense Strategies
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases (NCBID; George Mason Univ.)
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Government
contractors |
- Battelle Memorial Institute
- SRI International
- Idaho Technology
- Phoenix Air
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Programs
& projects |
Threat reduction |
- Nunn–Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program, including the Cooperative Biological Engagement Program (DoD)
- Project Bacchus
- Project Clear Vision
- Project Jefferson
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Biosurveillance |
- Laboratory Response Network (CDC)
- BioWatch (EPA, CDC)
- Global Bio-Surveillance Technology Initiative (GBTI), Bio-Surveillance Management Office (BMO) (part of JPEO-CBD)
- ESSENCE (DoD)
- RODS (Civilian)
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Biosecurity/Biosurety |
- Select Agent Program (CDC)
- Personnel Reliability Program (DoD)
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Medical intelligence |
- National Intelligence Assessments on Infectious Diseases
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Disaster response |
- National Response Framework of the National Strategy for Homeland Security (DHS; including NIMS & ICS)
- National Disaster Medical System (DHHS)
- Strategic National Stockpile (CDC, DHS)
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Technology
& equipment |
Protection |
- MOPP
- NBC suit
- Respirators
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Detection |
- Cell CANARY
- Biological Materials MASINT
- Autonomous Pathogen Detection System
- Joint Biological Agent Identification and Diagnostic System (JBAIDS)
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Biocontainment |
- Biosafety level
- Biosafety cabinet
- Positive pressure personnel suit
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Law |
Treaties |
- Geneva Protocol (1925, 1975)
- Statement on Chemical and Biological Defense Policies and Programs (1969)
- Biological Weapons Convention (1972)
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Legislation |
- Biological Weapons Anti-Terrorism Act of 1989
- Executive Order 13139 (1999)
- Patriot Act (2001)
- Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness Response Act (2002)
- Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002
- Project Bioshield Act (2004)
- Biodefense and Pandemic Vaccine and Drug Development Act of 2005
- Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act (2005)
- Pandemic and All Hazards Preparedness Act (2006)
- Pandemic and All-Hazards Preparedness Reauthorization Act of 2013
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International
representation |
- Global Health Security Initiative
- Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction
- United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004)
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History |
Past biological
incidents |
- 1984 Rajneeshee bioterror attack
- 1989 California medfly attack
- 2001 anthrax attacks
- Wood Green ricin plot (2002)
- 2003 ricin letters
- 2013 ricin letters
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Defunct organizations
& programs |
- United States Army Medical Unit
- United States biological weapons program
- Sunshine Project
- Aeromedical Isolation Team (DoD)
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Related topics |
- Agro-terrorism
- Biodefense
- Biosecurity in the United States
- Biological agent
- Biological hazard
- Biological warfare (BW)
- Biosurveillance
- Bioterrorism
- CBRN defense
- Decontamination
- Entomological warfare
- Isolation (health care)
- Select agent
- Smallpox virus retention controversy
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UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Twenty-four-hour intraocular pressure and ocular perfusion pressure characteristics in newly diagnosed patients with normal tension glaucoma.
- Quaranta L1, Katsanos A2, Riva I1, Dastiridou A3, Oddone F4, Roberti G4, Konstas AG5.
- Eye (London, England).Eye (Lond).2016 Jul 29. doi: 10.1038/eye.2016.168. [Epub ahead of print]
- PurposeTo determine the mean 24-h intraocular pressure (IOP) and mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) characteristics of newly diagnosed, previously untreated, Caucasian, normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients and to identify relationships between these features and visual field (VF) loss at diagno
- PMID 27472211
- Value of Structural and Hemodynamic Parameters for the Early Detection of Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma.
- Kurysheva NI1, Parshunina OA1, Shatalova EO1, Kiseleva TN2, Lagutin MB3, Fomin AV4.
- Current eye research.Curr Eye Res.2016 Jun 24:1-7. [Epub ahead of print]
- PURPOSE: To compare the diagnostic value of ocular blood flow parameters and choroidal thickness (CT) with standard structural parameters for early glaucoma detection.METHODS: A total of 32 patients with pre-perimetric glaucoma were compared with 30 age-matched normal subjects. The thickness of the
- PMID 27341295
- Risk factors for open-angle glaucoma in Nigeria: results from the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Survey.
- Kyari F1,2, Abdull MM3,4, Wormald R3,5, Evans JR3, Nolan W5, Murthy GV3,6, Gilbert CE3; Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impairment Study Group.
- BMC ophthalmology.BMC Ophthalmol.2016 Jun 7;16:78. doi: 10.1186/s12886-016-0264-7.
- BACKGROUND: The glaucoma-specific blindness prevalence in Nigeria (0.7 %, 95 % CI 0.6-0.9 %) among those aged ≥40 years is one of the highest ever reported. This study determined the risk factors for open-angle glaucoma (OAG) in adults examined in the Nigeria National Blindness and Visual Impai
- PMID 27267038
Japanese Journal
- ホジキンリンパ腫に対するJCOGリンパ腫グループによる臨床試験 (特集 ホジキンリンパ腫の研究と診療 : Update in 2011)
- 48 ProMACE-MOPP Hybrid新潟大学変法による脳原発悪性リンパ腫(PCNSL)の治療成績(北日本脳神経外科連合会第28回学術集会)
- 19 ProMACE-MOPP Hybrid新潟大学変法による脳原発悪性リンパ腫(PCNSL)の治療成績(一般演題,第42回新潟脳神経外科懇話会)
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