WordNet

the act of keeping something within specified bounds (by force if necessary); "the restriction of the infection to a focal area" (同)confinement
a principle that limits the extent of something; "I am willing to accept certain restrictions on my movements" (同)limitation
the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)m

PrepTutorEJDIC

(…を)『制限』(『限定』)『すること』《+『of』+『名』》,制限(限定)されていること / 〈C〉(…に対する)制限事項,制約《+『on』(『against』)+『名』》
Mach number / mark[s] / Monsieur

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/06 20:36:48」(JST)

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MHC-restricted antigen recognition, or MHC restriction, refers to the fact that a given T cell will recognize a peptide antigen only when it is bound to a host body's own MHC molecule. Normally, as T cells are stimulated only in the presence of self-MHC molecules, antigen is recognized only as peptides bound to self-MHC molecules.

MHC restriction is particularly important when primary lymphocytes are developing and differentiating in the thymus or bone marrow. It is at this stage that T cells die by apoptosis if they express high affinity for self-antigens presented by an MHC molecule or express too low affinity for self MHC. This is ensured through two distinct developmental stages: positive selection and negative selection. Positive selection ensures that any cells with a high enough affinity for peptide bound MHC survive. Whilst negative selection induces death in cells which bind MHC too strongly. This is not to be confused with 'double positive' or 'double negative' cell phenotypes during T-cell development.

Developing T cells in the primary lymphoid organs (thymus) first express neither CD4, CD8 nor TcR (T cell receptor). These cells are referred to as double negative. After differentiation, the T cell expresses both CD4, CD8 and TcR. These cells are referred to as double positive. It is at this stage that select T cells undergo apoptosis if they are found to select for self-antigen. This is a necessary step as it prevents T cells from cascading an autoimmune response against its host tissues.

Ultimately, the T cells differentiate and mature to express either CD4 and TcR or CD8 and TcR. At this point the T cells leave the primary lymphoid organ and enter the blood stream.

Conversely, it is thought that MHC Restriction plays a pivotal role in the antiretroviral therapy used to treat HIV/AIDS as it can increase the CD4 cell count thus increasing the likelihood for an immune response to be prompted.^{[citation needed]}

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1. 主要組織適合性複合体（MHC）の構造および機能 major histocompatibility complex mhc structure and function
2. ヒト白血球抗原（HLA）：ロードマップ human leukocyte antigens hla a roadmap
3. 腎移植におけるHLAマッチングと移植片生着率 hla matching and graft survival in kidney transplantation
4. 腎移植におけるHLAとABOの感作および脱感作 hla and abo sensitization and desensitization in renal transplantation
5. BおよびTリンパ球の正常な発生 normal b and t lymphocyte development

English Journal

A long journey coming to fruition: In sight of the pre-selection T-cell repertoire.

Ciucci T1, Bosselut R1.
European journal of immunology.Eur J Immunol.2016 Feb 5. doi: 10.1002/eji.201646292. [Epub ahead of print]
In addition to MHC restriction and its structural correlate, the recognition of an MHC-peptide complex by the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR), T-cell reactivity is constrained by positive and negative selection in the thymus. While mouse genetic studies have provided compelling evidence for both proce
PMID 26846172

Tetherin/BST-2 promotes dendritic cell activation and function during acute retrovirus infection.

Li SX1,2, Barrett BS1, Guo K1, Kassiotis G3, Hasenkrug KJ4, Dittmer U5, Gibbert K5, Santiago ML1,2.
Scientific reports.Sci Rep.2016 Feb 5;6:20425. doi: 10.1038/srep20425.
Tetherin/BST-2 is a host restriction factor that inhibits retrovirus release from infected cells in vitro by tethering nascent virions to the plasma membrane. However, contradictory data exists on whether Tetherin inhibits acute retrovirus infection in vivo. Previously, we reported that Tetherin-med
PMID 26846717

Functional evidence for TCR-intrinsic specificity for MHCII.

Parrish HL1, Deshpande NR2, Vasic J1, Kuhns MS3.
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A.2016 Feb 1. pii: 201518499. [Epub ahead of print]
How T cells become restricted to binding antigenic peptides within class I or class II major histocompatibility complex molecules (pMHCI or pMHCII, respectively) via clonotypic T-cell receptors (TCRs) remains debated. During development, if TCR-pMHC interactions exceed an affinity threshold, a signa
PMID 26831112

Japanese Journal

薬疹はどうして起こるか : 薬疹発症メカニズムの不思議

橋爪秀夫
Journal of environmental dermatology and cutaneous allergology = / the Japanese Society for Dermatoallergology and Contact Dermatitis 4(2), 67-75, 2010-04-30
NAID 10027081944