WordNet
- periwinkles (同)family Littorinidae
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/01/14 16:32:49」(JST)
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| Littorinidae |
|
Two shells of the common periwinke
Littorina littorea |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Mollusca |
| Class: |
Gastropoda |
| (unranked): |
clade Caenogastropoda
clade Hypsogastropoda
clade Littorinimorpha |
| Superfamily: |
Littorinoidea |
| Family: |
Littorinidae
Children, 1834[1] |
| Diversity[2] |
2 freshwater species and numerous marine species.
(There are altogether 222 species of Littorinidae mentioned in Wikipedia on 4 August 2010)
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The Littorinidae are a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found worldwide.
Contents
- 1 Names
- 2 Taxonomy
- 3 Genera
- 4 References
- 5 Further reading
- 6 External links
Names
In English-speaking countries of other parts of the world, gastropod molluscs from other families, such as the Neritidae, are sometimes also commonly known as "winkles" because they are small, round, snails that occupy a similar ecological niche.
Taxonomy
These subfamilies have been recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi (2005):
- Subfamily Littorininae Children, 1834 - synonyms: Echinininae Rosewater, 1972; Tectariinae Rosewater, 1972; Melaraphidae Starobogatov & Sitnikova, 1983
- Subfamily Lacuninae Gray, 1857 - synonyms: Risellidae Kesteven, 1903; Cremnoconchinae Preston, 1915; Bembiciidae Finlay, 1928.
- Subfamily Laevilitorininae Reid, 1989
Genera
Genera within the family Littorinidae include:[3]
- Littorininae
- Afrolittorina Williams, Reid & Littlewood, 2003
- Austrolittorina Rosewater, 1970
- Cenchritis von Martens, 1900
- Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 - synonyms: Amerolittorina Reid, 2009;[4] Fossarilittorina Rosewater, 1981; Granulilittorina Habe & Kosuge, 1966; Lineolittorina Reid, 2009[4]
- Littoraria Griffith & Pidgeon, 1834 - 39 species
- Littorina Férussac, 1822 - 18 species - type genus
- Mainwaringia Nevill, 1885[5]
- Melarhaphe Menke, 1828
- Nodilittorina von Martens, 1897 - this genus proved to be polyphyletic and in 2003 was divided into:
- Echinolittorina - 59 species worldwide
- Austrolittorina - five species
- Afrolittorina - four species
- Nodilittorina s.s. - the monotypic subgenus[6]
- Peasiella - Nevill, 1885
- Tectarius Valenciennes, 1833 - 11 species, its synonym or subgenus includes: Echininus Clench & Abbott, 1942.
- Lacuninae
- Bembicium Philippi, 1846
- Cremnoconchus Blanford, 1869[5][7] - freshwater snails living in waterfalls.[2]
- Lacuna Turton, 1827 - synonym: Aquilonaria Dall, 1886
- Pellilitorina Pfeffer in Martens & Pfeffer, 1886
- Risellopsis Kesteven, 1902
- Laevilitorininae
- Laevilitorina Pfeiffer, 1886
subfamily ?
- Algamorda Dall, 1918
- Macquariella Finlay, 1927 (?)
- Rissolitorina Ponder, 1966
- Synonyms
- Haloconcha Dall, 1886 is a synonym for Lacunaria Dall, 1885[citation needed]
References
- ^ Children J. G. (1834). Synopsis of the contents of the British Museum. ed. 28: 110.
- ^ a b Strong E. E., Gargominy O., Ponder W. F. & Bouchet P. (2008). "Global Diversity of Gastropods (Gastropoda; Mollusca) in Freshwater". Hydrobiologia 595: 149-166. hdl:10088/7390 doi:10.1007/s10750-007-9012-6.
- ^ World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) : Littorinidae
- ^ a b Reid D. G. (2009) "The genus Echinolittorina Habe, 1956 (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) in the western Atlantic Ocean." Zootaxa 2184: 1-103. abstract
- ^ a b (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ^ S T Williams , D G Reid , D T J Littlewood (2003). "A molecular phylogeny of the Littorininae (Gastropoda: Littorinidae): unequal evolutionary rates, morphological parallelism, and biogeography of the Southern Ocean.". Mol Phylogenet Evol. 1 (1): 60–86. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00038-1. PMID 12801472.
- ^ Blanford W. T. (1869). "Notes on some Indian and Mascarene Land-Shells". Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4)3: 340-344. page 343.
- "Littorinidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
- Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
Further reading
David G. Reid, Suzanne T. Williams (2004). "The subfamily Littorininae in the Temperate Southern Hemisphere: the genera Nodilittorina, Austrolittorina and Afrolittorina". Record of the Australian Museum 56: 75–122. doi:10.3853/j.0067-1975.56.2004.1393.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Littorinidae. |
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Edible mollusks
|
|
| Bivalves |
| Clams |
- Atlantic jackknife
- Atlantic surf
- Geoduck
- Grooved carpet shell
- Hard clam
- Horse
- Mactra stultorum
- Blunt gaper
- Ocean quahog
- Pacific razor
- Venus
- California butterclam
- Senilia senilis
- Smooth clam
- Soft-shell
- Triangle shell
- Tuatua
- Japanese littleneck
- Razor clam
- Pod razor
- Ensis (razor genus)
- Paphies
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| Cockles |
- Common
- Blood
- Goolwa
- New Zealand
- Sydney
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| Mussels |
- Blue
- Mediterranean
- New Zealand green-lipped
- California
- Brown
- Asian/Philippine green
- Date
- Mytilidae (mussel family)
|
|
| Oysters |
- Auckland
- Eastern
- Olympia
- Southern mud
- Colchester native
- Pacific
- Portuguese
- Windowpane
- Rock
- Sydney rock
- Ostra chilena/Bluff
- Gillardeau oysters
- Crassostrea ("true oyster" genus)
|
|
| Scallops |
- Atlantic bay
- Great/king
- New Zealand
- Pecten jacobaeus
- Peruvian calico
- Yesso
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|
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| Gastropods |
| Abalone |
- White
- Red
- Black
- Green
- Pink
- Blacklip
- Green ormer
- Pāua (group of three species)
- Chilean
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| Conches |
|
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| Limpets |
- Black-foot opihi/Hawaiian
- Turtle/talc
- Yellow-foot opihi
- China
- Common European
- Rayed Mediterranean
- Ribbed Mediterranean
- Rustic
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| Periwinkles |
- Common
- Banded
- Littorina sitkana
|
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| Whelks |
- Common
- Kellet's
- Knobbed
- Lightning
- Channeled
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| Other snails |
| Sea |
- Mud-flat
- Korean mud
- Chorus giganteus
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| Land |
- Cornu aspersum
- Helix lucorum
- Helix pomatia
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| Freshwater |
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|
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| Inkfish |
| Cuttlefish |
|
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| Octopus |
- Common
- Atlantic white-spotted
- Big blue
- Pacific giant
- Southern red
- Amphioctopus fangsiao
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| Squid |
- New Zealand arrow
- Japanese flying
- Humboldt
- Neon flying
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| Chitons |
- Chiton magnificus
- Acanthopleura granulata
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- Related topics
- Oyster farming
- Land snail farming
- Gastropod anatomy
- Bivalve anatomy
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English Journal
- Global diversification of mangrove fauna: a molecular phylogeny of Littoraria (Gastropoda: Littorinidae).
- Reid DG, Dyal P, Williams ST.SourceDepartment of Zoology, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom. d.reid@nhm.ac.uk
- Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.Mol Phylogenet Evol.2010 Apr;55(1):185-201. Epub 2009 Oct 4.
- The genus Littoraria is one of very few molluscan groups that are closely associated with mangroves. We document its global evolutionary radiation and compare biogeographic patterns with those of mangrove plants, based on phylogenetic and fossil evidence. Using sequences from three genes (nuclear 28
- PMID 19808097
- Characterization of microsatellite loci for the littorine snail Bembicium vittatum.
- Kennington WJ, Lukehurst SS, Johnson MS.SourceSchool of Animal Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
- Molecular ecology resources.Mol Ecol Resour.2008 Nov;8(6):1463-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1755-0998.2008.02247.x. Epub 2008 Sep 15.
- We describe the isolation and development of 17 polymorphic microsatellite loci for the intertidal snail Bembicium vittatum (Gastropoda: Littorinidae). The loci were tested in 46 individuals from a single population situated near the centre of the species distribution. No evidence of linkage disequi
- PMID 21586077
Japanese Journal
- 日本本土の干潟に出現するウズラタマキビ属巻貝の分布と同定
- 川口 博憲,狩野 泰則,三浦 知之
- ちりぼたん 37(2), 45-53, 2006-07-20
- This paper provides new knowledge on the geographic distribution, habitat preference and identification of Littoraria species on the tidal flats of mainland Japan. Littoraria ardouniana is first recor …
- NAID 110004997617
- Two new species of Sarcophaga (Sarcorohdendorfia) Baranov (Diptera : Sarcophagidae), predators on Littoraria filosa (Sowerby) (Gastropoda : Littorinidae)
Related Links
- Littorinidae is a taxonomic family of over 200 species of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the clade Littorinimorpha, commonly known as periwinkles and found world-wide. Contents. 1 Names; 2 Taxonomy; 3 Genera; 4 References ...
Related Pictures
