WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
the 12th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)l

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
lira(イタリアの貨幣単位リラ)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/09 18:24:52」(JST)

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In cell biology, a lymphokine-activated killer cell (also known as a LAK cell) is a white blood cell that has been stimulated to kill tumor cells.^[1] If lymphocytes are cultured in the presence of Interleukin 2, it results in the development of effector cells which are cytotoxic to tumor cells.^[2]

Mechanism[edit]

It has been shown that lymphocytes, when exposed to Interleukin 2, are capable of lysing fresh, non-cultured cancer cells, both primary and metastatic. ^[3] LAK cells respond to these lymphokines, particularly IL-2, by lysing tumor cells that were already known to be resistant to NK cell activity.^[4]

The mechanism of LAK cells is distinctive from that of natural killer cells because they can lyse cells that NK cells cannot.^[4] LAK cells are also capable of acting against cells that do not display the major histocompatibility complex, as has been shown by the ability to cause lysis in non-immunogenic, allogeneic and syngeneic tumors.^[4] LAK cells are specific to tumor cells and do not display activity against normal cells.^[4]

Cancer Treatment[edit]

LAK cells, along with the administration of IL-2 have been experimentally used to treat cancer in mice and humans, but there is very high toxicity with this treatment.^[5]

Notes and references[edit]

^ "Definition of lymphokine-activated killer cell". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
^ "Medical Dictionary: Lymphokine-activated killer cell". Wrong Diagnosis. Retrieved 2007-03-06.
^ E A Fagan and A L Eddleston (1987). "Immunotherapy for cancer: the use of lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells.". GUT: An International Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 28 (2): 113–116. PMC 1432985.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Lafreniere R, Rosenberg SA (1985). "Successful immunotherapy of murine experimental hepatic metastases with lymphokine-activated killer cells and recombinant Interleukin 2.". Cancer Res 45: 3735–41.
^ Rosenberg SA, Lotze MT, Muul LM, et al (1985). "Observations on the systemic administration of autologous lymohokine-activated killer cells and recombinant interleukin-2 to patients with metastatic cancer.". New England Journal of Medicine 313: 1485–92.

External links[edit]

Lymphokine-Activated Killer Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This cell biology article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 進行黒色腫に対するインターロイキン2および実験的免疫学的アプローチ interleukin 2 and experimental immunotherapy approaches for advanced melanoma
2. 腎細胞癌の免疫療法 immunotherapy of renal cell carcinoma
3. 造血細胞移植後の移植片対腫瘍効果の生物学 biology of the graft versus tumor effect following hematopoietic cell transplantation
4. 生物学的製剤を用いた癌治療の神経学的合併症 neurologic complications of cancer treatment with biologic agents
5. 非小細胞肺癌に対する免疫療法 immunotherapy for non small cell lung cancer

English Journal

High-pressure freezing and freeze-substitution fixation reveal the ultrastructure of immature and mature spermatozoa of the plant-parasitic nematode Trichodorus similis (Nematoda; Triplonchida; Trichodoridae).

Lak B1, Yushin VV2, Slos D1, Claeys M1, Decraemer W3, Bert W4.
Micron (Oxford, England : 1993).Micron.2015 Oct;77:25-31. doi: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.05.012. Epub 2015 Jun 18.
The spermatozoa from testis and spermatheca of the plant-parasitic nematode Trichodorus similis Seinhorst, 1963 (Nematoda; Triplonchida; Trichodoridae) were studied with transmission electron microscopy (TEM), being the first study on spermatogenesis of a representative of the order Triplonchida and
PMID 26093476

T-cell-associated cellular immunotherapy for lung cancer.

Li K1, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yang J, Zheng J.
Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology.J Cancer Res Clin Oncol.2015 Jul;141(7):1249-58. doi: 10.1007/s00432-014-1867-0. Epub 2014 Nov 8.
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to discuss recent findings on the role of T cells in lung cancer to provide information on their potential application, especially in cellular immunotherapy.METHODS: Data on the different types of T cells that are currently used for the treatment of lung can
PMID 25381064

Clinical relevance of miR-mediated HLA-G regulation and the associated immune cell infiltration in renal cell carcinoma.

Jasinski-Bergner S1, Stoehr C2, Bukur J1, Massa C1, Braun J3, Hüttelmaier S3, Spath V2, Wartenberg R2, Legal W4, Taubert H4, Wach S4, Wullich B4, Hartmann A2, Seliger B1.
Oncoimmunology.Oncoimmunology.2015 Mar 2;4(6):e1008805. eCollection 2015.
In human tumors of distinct origin including renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the non-classical human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) is frequently expressed, thereby inhibiting the cytotoxic activity of T and natural killer (NK) cells. Recent studies demonstrated a strong post-transcriptional gene regulatio
PMID 26155421

Japanese Journal

ナチュラルキラー(NK)細胞活性,リンホカイン活性化キラー細胞活性(LAK活性),キラーT細胞分化因子(KHF) (広範囲血液・尿化学検査免疫学的検査(第7版・3)その数値をどう読むか) -- (免疫学的検査細胞性免疫)

杉本健,旗智さおり,小柴賢洋 [他]
日本臨床 68(-) (980), 873-876, 2010-06
NAID 40017181914

Critical roles of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase in cytokinesis

Park Jae-Hyun,Nishidate Toshihiko,Nakamura Yusuke,Katagiri Toyomasa
Cancer science 101(2), 403-411, 2010-02-10
NAID 10026587905

Cell Behavior Analysis to Evaluate Proliferative Potentials of Human Lymphocytes Expanded and Activated for Therapeutic Use(CELL AND TISSUE ENGINEERING)

Hata Norihiko,Jinguji Hidemasa,Kino-oka Masahiro [他],Taya Masahito
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 105(5), 566-569, 2008-05-25
… The cluster designation 3-lymphokine activated killer(CD3-LAK) culture was conducted using human lymphocytes obtained from different donors. … The tool enabled us to determine time-lapse changes in an average projected cell area and the frequency of cell aggregates during the culture in a noninvasive manner. …
NAID 110006684556

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「LAK細胞」「lymphokine-activated killer cell」「リンホカイン活性化キラー細胞」「リンフォカイン活性化キラー細胞」
関連記事	「L」「LA」「cell」「LAK」