WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/12 13:03:16」(JST)

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Enterochromaffin (EC) cells , or "Kulchitsky cells", are a type of enteroendocrine and neuroendocrine cell^[1] occurring in the epithelia lining the lumen of the digestive tract and the respiratory tract.

Function

They contain about 90% of the body's store of serotonin (5-HT).^[2]

In the gastrointestinal tract, 5-HT is important in response to chemical, mechanical or pathological stimuli in the lumen. It activates both secretory and peristaltic reflexes, and activates vagal afferents (via 5-HT₃ receptors) that signal to the brain (important in the generation of nausea). Ondansetron is an antagonist of the 5-HT₃ receptor and is an effective anti-emetic.

They are stimulated by gastrin, a molecule that is produced at the antrum of the stomach by G cells.

Origin

The enterochromaffin cells are derived from the same stem cells as the rest of the epithelium, and are not derived from the migratory neural crest source that provides the enteric nervous system. ^[3]

Etymology

They are called "entero"^[4] meaning related to the gut and "chromaffin" because of a chromium salt reaction that they share with chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla (adrenal glands). ^[5]

"Enterochromaffin-like cells"

Another population of chromaffin cells is found only in the stomach wall, called enterochromaffin-like cells (ECL). They look like EC cells but do not contain 5-HT.

ECL cells respond to gastrin released by G-cells and they release histamine, which will stimulate the parietal cells to produce gastric acid.

Pathophysiology

The neuroendocrine progenitors to enterochromaffin cells in the bronchial epithelium have been implicated in the origin of small cell lung cancer. ^[6]

References

^ Enterochromaffin Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ Josef Donnerer; Fred Lembeck (2006). The chemical languages of the nervous system: history of scientists and substances. Karger Publishers. pp. 161–. ISBN 978-3-8055-8004-5. Retrieved 23 May 2011.
^ Thompson M, Fleming KA, Evans DJ, Fundele R, Surani MA, Wright NA (October 1990). "Gastric endocrine cells share a clonal origin with other gut cell lineages". Development 110 (2): 477–81. PMID 2133551.
^ Entero- definition - Medical Dictionary definitions of popular medical terms easily defined on MedTerms
^ 1516961798 at GPnotebook
^ eMedicine - Lung Cancer, Small Cell : Article by Abid Irshad

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English Journal

Transient receptor potential cation channels in pancreatic β cells.

Colsoul B, Vennekens R, Nilius B.SourceDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology, Laboratory of Ion Channel Research, KU Leuven, Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, bus 802, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. barbara.colsoul@med.kuleuven.be
Reviews of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology.Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol.2012;161:87-110.
There is now overwhelming evidence that TRP channels might play a significant role in the regulation of insulin release from pancreatic β cells, which is until now insufficiently recognized. TRP channels are abundantly expressed on β cells. The focus of this review will be on cation channels from
PMID 21744203

The enteroendocrine "letter cells" - time for a new nomenclature?

Helander HF, Fändriks L.SourceDepartment of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences , Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg , Sweden.
Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.Scand J Gastroenterol.2012 Jan;47(1):3-12. Epub 2011 Nov 30.
Abstract The endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the pancreas, referred to as the enteroendocrine cells, secrete a large variety of peptides and amines that regulate functions of the digestive tract itself and of distant organs. Taken together, the enteroendocrine cells form the
PMID 22126593