| Klüver-Bucy syndrome |
| Classification and external resources |
| ICD-10 |
F07.0 |
| ICD-9 |
310.0 |
| DiseasesDB |
32907 |
| MeSH |
D020232 |
Klüver–Bucy syndrome is a syndrome resulting from bilateral lesions of the amygdala.[1] Klüver-Bucy syndrome may present with hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and docility.
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Contents
- 1 Symptoms
- 2 In rhesus monkeys
- 3 In humans
- 4 References
- 5 Sources
- 6 External links
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Symptoms
The list of symptoms differs somewhat by source. Generally included are the following:
- Docility. Characterized by exhibiting diminished fear responses or reacting with unusually low aggression. This has also been termed "placidity" or "tameness".[2][3][4]
- Dietary changes and/or Hyperphagia. Characterized by eating inappropriate objects (pica) and/or overeating.[2][3][4]
- Hyperorality. This was described by Ozawa et al. as "an oral tendency, or compulsion to examine objects by mouth".[2][3][4]
- Hypersexuality. Characterized by a heightened sex drive or a tendency to seek sexual stimulation from unusual or inappropriate objects.[2][3][4]
- Visual agnosia. Characterized by an inability to recognize familiar objects or people.[2][3][4]
While this cluster of syndromes is common to such sources as 1997's The Neuropsychiatry of Limbic and Subcortical Disorders, 2005's Functional Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas and 1997's "Single-Photon Emission CT and MR Findings in Klüver-Bucy after Reye syndrome", an article in the American Journal of Neuroradiology, the three vary thereafter.
Inconsistent criteria include:
- Hypermetamorphosis, characterized by Ozawa et al. as "an irresistible impulse to notice and react to everything within sight".[3] This is included under the classification systems described by The Neuropsychiatry of Limbic and Subcortical Disorders and "Single-Photon Emission CT and MR Findings in Klüver-Bucy".[2][3]
- Lack of emotional response, diminished emotional affect. This is a symptom under The Neuropsychiatry of Limbic and Subcortical Disorders and is included under "Single-Photon Emission CT and MR Findings in Klüver-Bucy" along with apathy under docility.[3][4]
- Memory loss. This symptom is listed in The Neuropsychiatry of Limbic and Subcortical Disorders.[4] It is also referenced by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke.[5]
In rhesus monkeys
As part of an investigation by Klüver in the 1930s into the area affected by mescaline, Klüver arranged to have the temporal lobes of a number of rhesus monkeys bilaterally removed by Bucy, a neurosurgeon.[6] Klüver did not find the expected impact on response to mescaline, but did observe a series of changes in the subject animals. The six points of difference that Klüver recorded were visual agnosia, an increased tendency to explore items by mouth, hypermetamorphosis, dampening of emotional expression, altered sexual behavior and differences in diet.[6] Klüver later discovered similar observations by Sanger Brown and Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer that had been published in 1881 and drew on these to substantiate his own observations.[7]
Monkeys in the Klüver-Bucy experiment evidently had normal vision and motor skills, but exhibited "psychic blindness", what Rusiko Bourtchouladze described in 2004 as an inability to recognize "the emotional importance of events".[8] They did not display fear for items that would ordinarily frighten members of their species; they displayed an appetite for improper foods such as rocks or live rats and sought intercourse with unusual partners, including members of other species.[8] They became extremely interested in exploring items in their environment and became placid when approached.[9]
In humans
Klüver-Bucy syndrome was first documented among certain humans who had experienced temporal lobectomy in 1955 by H. Terzian and G.D. Ore.[10] It was first noted in a human with meningoencephalitis in 1975 by Marlowe et al.[2][4] Klüver-Bucy syndrome can manifest after either of these (lobectomies can be medically required by such reasons as accidents or tumors), but may also appear in humans with acute herpes simplex encephalitis or following a stroke.[11] Other conditions may also contribute to a diagnosis of Klüver-Bucy syndrome, including Pick Disease, Alzheimer's Disease, ischemia, anoxia, progressive subcortical gliosis, Rett syndrome, porphyria and carbon monoxide poisoning, among others.[2]
It is rare for humans to manifest all of the identified symptoms of the syndrome; three or more are required for diagnosis.[2] Among humans, the most common symptoms include placidity, hyperorality and dietary changes.[2] They may also present with an inability to recognize objects or inability to recognize faces or other memory disorders.
References
- ^ Adel K. Afifi, Ronald A. Bergman, Ronald Arly Bergman (1998). Functional Neuroanatomy. McGraw-Hill. http://books.google.com/books?id=QgJqAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Kl%C3%BCver%E2%80%93Bucy+syndrome+is%22&dq=%22Kl%C3%BCver%E2%80%93Bucy+syndrome+is%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=m1vaT_TGJMLQ2wXv_bTABg&ved=0CG4Q6AEwCA. "The Kluver-Bucy syndrome is a clinical syndrome observed in humans and other animals after bilateral lesions in the temporal lobe that involve the amygdala, hippocampal formation, and adjacent neural structures."
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Salloway, Stephen; Paul Malloy, Jeffrey L. Cummings (1997). The Neuropsychiatry of Limbic and Subcortical Disorders. American Psychiatric Pub. p. 125. ISBN 0-88048-942-1. http://books.google.com/books?id=DigRJI-MyY4C&pg=PA125&dq=%22Kl%C3%BCver-Bucy+syndrome%22&lr=&client=firefox-a.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Ozawa, 540.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Afifi, Adel K.; Ronald Arly Bergman (2005). Functional Neuroanatomy: Text and Atlas. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 299. ISBN 0-07-140812-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=_cWKT9-P9LAC&pg=PA299&dq=%22Kl%C3%BCver-Bucy+syndrome%22+Marlowe&lr=&client=firefox-a.
- ^ "NINDS Klüver-Bucy Syndrome Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/kluver_bucy/kluver_bucy.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-10.
- ^ a b Rockland, 45
- ^ Rockland, 46.
- ^ a b Bourtchouladze, Rusiko (2004). Memories Are Made of This: How Memory Works in Humans and Animals. Columbia University Press. p. 82. ISBN 0-231-12021-4. http://books.google.com/books?id=L2jO1AYeevoC&pg=PA82&dq=%22Kl%C3%BCver-Bucy+syndrome%22+%22Heinrich&client=firefox-a#PPA82,M1.
- ^ Glick, Robert A.; Steven P. Roose (1993). Rage, Power, and Aggression. Yale University Press. p. 214. ISBN 0-300-05271-5. http://books.google.com/books?id=BFvrKruTQ88C&pg=PA214&dq=%22Kl%C3%BCver-Bucy+syndrome%22&lr=&client=firefox-a.
- ^ Ozawa, 541.
- ^ Tancredi, Laurence R. (2005). Hardwired Behavior: What Neuroscience Reveals about Morality. Cambridge University Press. pp. 98–99. ISBN 0-521-86001-6. http://books.google.com/books?id=zxpTzRt7jbIC&pg=PA98&dq=%22Kl%C3%BCver-Bucy+syndrome%22&lr=&client=firefox-a#PPA99,M1.
Sources
- Rockland, Kathleen S.; Jon H. Kaas, Alan Peters (1997). Cerebral Cortex: Extrastriate Cortex in Primates. Springer. ISBN 0-306-45530-7. http://books.google.com/books?id=PLLmPLsbMpsC&pg=PA45&dq=%22Kl%C3%BCver-Bucy+syndrome%22+%22Heinrich&client=firefox-a.
- Ozawa, Hiroshi; Masayuki Sasaki, Kenji Sugai, Toshiaki Hashimoto, Hiroshi Matsuda, Sachio Takashima, Akira Uno, and Takashi Okawa (1997). "Single-Photon Emission CT and MR Findings in Klüver-Bucy". American journal of neuroradiology (Oak Brook, IL,: American Society of Neuroradiology) 18 (3): 540–542. ISSN 0195-6108. PMID 9090419. http://www.ajnr.org/cgi/reprint/18/3/540.pdf. Retrieved 2008-10-11.
External links
- Kluver-Bucy Syndrome: Monkey experiment, Symptoms, Treatment | Medchrome
- The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke - Kluver-Bucy Syndrome
- Anatomic Basis of Klüver-Bucy Syndrome
- Monkeys With Amygdala Lesions
- Six distinct case studies of KBS in India
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Mental and behavioral disorders (F 290–319)
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Neurological/symptomatic
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Dementia
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- Mild cognitive impairment
- Alzheimer's disease
- Multi-infarct dementia
- Pick's disease
- Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
- Huntington's disease
- Parkinson's disease
- AIDS dementia complex
- Frontotemporal dementia
- Sundowning
- Wandering
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Autism spectrum
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- Autism
- Asperger syndrome
- Savant syndrome
- PDD-NOS
- High-functioning autism
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Other
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- Delirium
- Post-concussion syndrome
- Organic brain syndrome
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Psychoactive substances, substance abuse, drug abuse and substance-related disorders
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- Intoxication/Drug overdose
- Physical dependence
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- Rebound effect
- Double rebound
- Withdrawal
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Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional
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| Psychosis |
- Schizoaffective disorder
- Schizophreniform disorder
- Brief reactive psychosis
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| Schizophrenia |
- Disorganized schizophrenia
- Delusional disorder
- Folie à deux
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Mood (affective)
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- Mania
- Bipolar disorder
- (Bipolar I
- Bipolar II
- Cyclothymia
- Bipolar NOS)
- Depression
- (Major depressive disorder
- Dysthymia
- Seasonal affective disorder
- Atypical depression
- Melancholic depression)
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Neurotic, stress-related and somatoform
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Anxiety disorder
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Phobia
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- Agoraphobia
- Social anxiety
- Social phobia
- (Anthropophobia)
- Specific phobia
- (Claustrophobia)
- Specific social phobia
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Other
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- Panic disorder
- Panic attack
- Generalized anxiety disorder
- OCD
- stress
- (Acute stress reaction
- PTSD)
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Adjustment disorder
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- Adjustment disorder with depressed mood
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Somatoform disorder
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- Somatization disorder
- Body dysmorphic disorder
- Hypochondriasis
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- Da Costa's syndrome
- Psychalgia
- Conversion disorder
- (Ganser syndrome
- Globus pharyngis)
- Neurasthenia
- Mass Psychogenic Illness
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Dissociative disorder
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- Dissociative identity disorder
- Psychogenic amnesia
- Fugue state
- Depersonalization disorder
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Physiological/physical behavioral
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Eating disorder
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- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia nervosa
- Rumination syndrome
- NOS
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Nonorganic
sleep disorders
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- (Nonorganic hypersomnia
- Nonorganic insomnia)
- Parasomnia
- (REM behavior disorder
- Night terror
- Nightmare)
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Sexual
dysfunction
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- sexual desire
- (Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
- Hypersexuality)
- sexual arousal
- (Female sexual arousal disorder)
- Erectile dysfunction
- orgasm
- (Anorgasmia
- Delayed ejaculation
- Premature ejaculation
- Sexual anhedonia)
- pain
- (Vaginismus
- Dyspareunia)
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Postnatal
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- Postpartum depression
- Postnatal psychosis
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Adult personality and behavior
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Sexual and
gender identity
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- Sexual maturation disorder
- Ego-dystonic sexual orientation
- Sexual relationship disorder
- Paraphilia
- (Voyeurism
- Fetishism)
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Other
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- Personality disorder
- Impulse control disorder
- (Kleptomania
- Trichotillomania
- Pyromania
- Dermatillomania)
- Body-focused repetitive behavior
- Factitious disorder
- (Münchausen syndrome)
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Mental disorders diagnosed in childhood
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Mental retardation
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- X-Linked mental retardation
- (Lujan-Fryns syndrome)
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Psychological development
(developmental disorder)
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Emotional and behavioral
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- ADHD
- Conduct disorder
- (ODD)
- emotional disorder
- (Separation anxiety disorder)
- social functioning
- (Selective mutism
- RAD
- DAD)
- Tic disorder
- (Tourette syndrome)
- Speech
- (Stuttering
- Cluttering)
- Movement disorder
- (Stereotypic)
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Symptoms and uncategorized
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- Catatonia
- False pregnancy
- Intermittent explosive disorder
- Psychomotor agitation
- Sexual addiction
- Stereotypy
- Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures
- Klüver-Bucy syndrome
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dsrd (o, p, m, p, a, d, s), sysi/epon, spvo
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proc (eval/thrp), drug (N5A/5B/5C/6A/6B/6D)
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