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small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/09 01:00:09」(JST)

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Jurkat cells (pronounced yūr′kat) are an immortalized line of human T lymphocyte cells that are used to study acute T cell leukemia, T cell signaling, and the expression of various chemokine receptors susceptible to viral entry, particularly HIV. Jurkat cells are also useful in science because of their ability to produce interleukin 2. Their primary use, however, is to determine the mechanism of differential susceptibility of cancers to drugs and radiation.

The Jurkat cell line (originally called JM) was established in the late 1970s from the peripheral blood of a 14-year-old boy with T cell leukemia.^[1] Different derivatives of the Jurkat cell line can now be obtained from cell culture banks^[2] that have been mutated to lack certain genes.

Examples of derivatives

The JCaM1.6 cell line is deficient in Lck kinase activity due to the deletion of part of the lck gene (exon 7) from the Lck transcript.

J.RT3-T3.5 cells have a mutation in the T cell receptor beta chain locus precluding expression of this chain. This affects the cells in several ways. They do not express surface CD3 or produce the T cell receptor alpha/beta heterodimer. Since they are deficient in the TCR complex, these cells are a useful tool for transfection studies using T cell receptor alpha and beta chain genes and are widely used in labs in which T cell receptor gene transfer technologies are studied.

The I 9.2 and I 2.1 cell lines. The I 2.1 cell line is functionally defective for FADD and the I 9.2 cell line is functionally defective for caspase-8, both defective molecules being essential to apoptosis or necroptosis of cells.

The D1.1 cell line does not express CD4 molecule, an important co-receptor in the activation pathway of helper T cells.

The J.gamma1 subline contains no detectable phospholipase C-gamma1 (PLC-γ1) protein and therefore has profound defects in T cell receptor (TCR) calcium mobilization, and nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT) activation (an important transcription factor in T cells).

J-Lat contains integrated but transcriptionally latent HIV proviruses, in which GFP replaces nef coding sequence, and a frameshift mutation in env.

Cell line contamination

Jurkat J6 cells have been found to produce a xenotropic murine leukemia virus (X-MLV) (referred to as XMRV) that could potentially affect experimental outcomes. There is no evidence that this virus can infect humans. This infection may also change the virulence and tropism of the virus by way of phenotypic mixing and/or recombination.^[3]

References

^ Schneider U, Schwenk H, Bornkamm G (1977). "Characterization of EBV-genome negative "null" and "T" cell lines derived from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia and leukemic transformed non-Hodgkin lymphoma". Int J Cancer 19 (5): 621–6. doi:10.1002/ijc.2910190505. PMID 68013.
^ American Type Culture Collection (ATCC)
^ Takeuchi, Y; McClure, MO; Pizzato, M (Dec 2008). "Identification of Gammaretroviruses Constitutively Released from Cell Lines Used for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Research". Journal of Virology 82 (24): 12585–12588. doi:10.1128/JVI.01726-08. PMC 2593302. PMID 18842727.

External links

Jurkat Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. T細胞受容体シグナル伝達 t cell receptor signaling
2. 末梢性T細胞リンパ腫の初期治療 initial treatment of peripheral t cell lymphoma
3. 皮下蜂窩織炎様T細胞性リンパ腫の臨床症状、病理学的特徴、および診断 clinical manifestations pathologic features and diagnosis of subcutaneous panniculitis like t cell lymphoma
4. B細胞前リンパ球性白血病 b cell prolymphocytic leukemia
5. HLAハプロタイプ適合造血細胞移植 hla haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation

English Journal

Pantethine Alters Lipid Composition and Cholesterol Content of Membrane Rafts, With Down-Regulation of CXCL12-Induced T Cell Migration.

van Gijsel-Bonnello M1, Acar N2, Molino Y3, Bretillon L2, Khrestchatisky M1, de Reggi M1, Gharib B1.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2015 Oct;230(10):2415-25. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24971.
Pantethine, a natural low-molecular-weight thiol, shows a broad activity in a large range of essential cellular pathways. It has been long known as a hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic agent. We have recently shown that it exerts a neuroprotective action in mouse models of cerebral malaria and Pa
PMID 25728249

Rapid and highly efficient mammalian cell engineering via Cas9 protein transfection.

Liang X1, Potter J2, Kumar S1, Zou Y1, Quintanilla R1, Sridharan M1, Carte J1, Chen W1, Roark N1, Ranganathan S1, Ravinder N1, Chesnut JD1.
Journal of biotechnology.J Biotechnol.2015 Aug 20;208:44-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.04.024. Epub 2015 May 21.
CRISPR-Cas9 systems provide a platform for high efficiency genome editing that are enabling innovative applications of mammalian cell engineering. However, the delivery of Cas9 and synthesis of guide RNA (gRNA) remain as steps that can limit overall efficiency and ease of use. Here we describe metho
PMID 26003884

RAD001 (everolimus) enhances TRAIL cytotoxicity in human leukemic Jurkat T cells by upregulating DR5.

Lee MW1, Kim DS1, Eom JE1, Ko YJ1, Sung KW1, Koo HH2, Yoo KH3.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2015 Aug 7;463(4):894-9. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.05.133. Epub 2015 Jun 12.
Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), either alone or in combination with other anti-cancer agents, is a promising new strategy for the treatment of cancer. However, aberrant PI3K/Akt/mTOR survival signaling may confer TRAIL resistance by altering the balance between pro-
PMID 26074143

Japanese Journal

Decreases in CD31 and CD47 Levels on the Cell Surface during Etoposide-Induced Jurkat Cell Apoptosis

AZUMA Yutaro,NAKAGAWA Hideaki,DOTE Kanae [他]
Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin 34(12), 1828-1834, 2011-12
NAID 40019073402

Chlamydophila pneumoniae attachment and infection in low proteoglycan expressing human lymphoid Jurkat cells

Kobayashi Miho,Ishida Kasumi,Matsuo Junji,Nakamura Shinji,Nagasawa Ayumi,Motohashi Kazuki,Yao Takashi,Hirai Itaru,Yamamoto Yoshimasa,Suzuki Haruki,Shimizu Chikara,Matsuno Kazuhiko,Yamaguchi Hiroyuki
Microbial Pathogenesis 51(3), 209-216, 2011-09
… Lymphoid Jurkat cells and epithelial HEp-2 cells were statically infected with C. … Transmission electron microscopy and assessment of inclusion-forming units indicated that the bacteria grew normally in Jurkat cells and were capable of producing secondary infection; … Similar gene expression levels were not observed in Jurkat cells, with the exception of glypican-1. …
NAID 120003295071