International Nonproprietary Name

国際一般名称、国際一般名

関

INN

WordNet

1. mention and identify by name; "name your accomplices!"
2. a persons reputation; "he wanted to protect his good name"
3. by the sanction or authority of; "halt in the name of the law"
4. a defamatory or abusive word or phrase (同)epithet
5. a well-known or notable person; "they studied all the great names in the history of France"; "she is an important figure in modern music" (同)figure, public figure
6. family based on male descent; "he had no sons and there was no one to carry on his name" (同)gens
7. a language unit by which a person or thing is known; "his name really is George Washington"; "those are two names for the same thing"
8. assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to; "They named their son David"; "The new school was named after the famous Civil Rights leader" (同)call
9. give the name or identifying characteristics of; refer to by name or some other identifying characteristic property; "Many senators were named in connection with the scandal"; "The almanac identifies the auspicious months" (同)identify
10. charge with a function; charge to be; "She was named Head of the Committee"; "She was made president of the club" (同)nominate, make
11. concerning or belonging to all or at least two or more nations; "international affairs"; "an international agreement"; "international waters"
12. any of several international socialist organizations
13. not protected by trademark or patent or copyright; "nonproprietary products are in the public domain and anyone can produce or distribute them"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『名』,『名前』,姓名;(物の)名称;名義 / 《単数形で》『名声』;評判(reputation) / 悪口,悪態 / 《俗》有名な人 / 名のある,有名な,一流銘柄の / …‘に'『名をつける』,命名する / ‘を'『名を言う』 / 〈人〉‘を'指名する,任命する / (…に対して)…‘を'指定する《+『名』+『for』+『名』》
2. 『国際的な』,国家間の,万国の / 国際関係の / 国際競技,国際試合 / 国際試合出場者
3. インターナショナル(19‐20世紀に結成された国際的な社会主義的労働者組織)
4. sodium(ラテン語natrium)の化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/22 11:34:07」(JST)

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Mandate

WHO has a constitutional mandate to "develop, establish and promote international standards with respect to biological, pharmaceutical and similar products".

The World Health Organization collaborates closely with INN experts and national nomenclature committees to select a single name of worldwide acceptability for each active substance that is to be marketed as a pharmaceutical. To avoid confusion, which could jeopardize the safety of patients, trade-marks should neither be derived from INNs nor contain common stems used in INNs.

WHO

An International Nonproprietary Name (INN; also known as rINN, for recommended International Nonproprietary Name, a name which is still under consideration being known as a pINN for proposed International Nonproprietary Name) is the official nonproprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as designated by the World Health Organization (WHO). The plethora of named proprietary preparations containing a given substance can lead to confusion about the identity of the active ingredient. INNs facilitate communication by providing a standard name for each substance; they are designed to be unique and distinct so as to avoid confusion in prescribing. A similar role is played in chemistry by IUPAC names, though those are less suited to common usage, being typically very long and unwieldy.

WHO issues INNs in English, Latin, French, Russian, and Spanish. Although not included in the original scheme, Arabic and Chinese versions are now also being issued.^{[citation needed]}

Name stems

Drugs from the same therapeutic or chemical class are usually given names with the same stem. Stems are mostly placed word-finally, but in some cases word-initial stems are used. They are collected in a publication informally known as the Stem Book.

Examples are:

• -coxib for COX-2 inhibitors, a type of anti-inflammatory drugs (e.g. celecoxib)
• -mab for monoclonal antibodies (e.g. infliximab); see Nomenclature of monoclonal antibodies
• -olol for beta blockers (e.g. atenolol)
• -oxetine for fluoxetine derivatives, a group of antidepressants
• -pril for ACE inhibitors (e.g. captopril)
• -sartan for angiotensin II receptor antagonists (e.g. losartan)
• -vastatin for HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, a group of cholesterol lowering agents (e.g. simvastatin)
• io- for iodine containing radiopharmaceuticals (e.g. iobenguane)

Linguistic discussion

The term stem is not used consistently in linguistics. It has been defined as a form to which affixes (of any type) can be attached. Under a different and apparently more common view, this is the definition of a root, while a stem consists of the root plus optional derivational affixes, meaning that it is the part of a word to which inflectional affixes are added. INN stems employ the first definition, while under the more common alternative they would be described as roots.

Name changes

A number of modifications are made to British Approved Names and other older nonproprietary names. This is to ensure similar pronunciation across major languages:

• ae and oe are replaced by e
• ch is replaced by c
• ph is replaced by f
• th is replaced by t
• y is replaced by i

Comparison of naming standards

INN:	paracetamol
British Approved Name (BAN):	paracetamol
United States Adopted Name (USAN):	acetaminophen
Other generic names:	N-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP, p-acetamidophenol, acetamol, ...
Proprietary names:	Tylenol, Panadol, Panamax, Perdolan, Calpol, Doliprane, Tachipirina, Ben-u-ron, Atasol, Adol, ...
IUPAC name:	N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamide

See also

• Generic drug

References

External links

• "International Nonproprietary Names". World Health Organization. Retrieved 2012-04-02. 

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English Journal

• Trastuzumab emtansine. An inadequately assessed combination of two cytotoxic drugs.

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• Prescrire international.Prescrire Int.2014 Dec;23(155):289.
• There is no consensus on second-line treatment for women with metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer over-expressing HER-2 protein in whom treatment with a taxane + trastuzumab has failed. Capecitabine is one option. Adding lapatinib does not prolong survival. Trastuzumab emtansine (Kadcyla, R
• PMID 25629144

• Development of dalfampridine, a novel pharmacologic approach for treating walking impairment in multiple sclerosis.

• Blight AR1, Henney HR 3rd, Cohen R.
• Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences.Ann N Y Acad Sci.2014 Nov;1329:33-44. doi: 10.1111/nyas.12512. Epub 2014 Aug 25.
• Walking impairment is a clinical hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). Dalfampridine-ER, an extended-release formulation of dalfampridine (also known by its chemical name, 4-aminopyridine, and its international nonproprietary name, fampridine), was developed to maintain drug plasma levels within a na
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• Fluoroquinolones in pediatrics: review of hospital prescription use over 2 years.

• Genuini M, Prot-Labarthe S, Bourdon O, Doit C, Aujard Y, Naudin J, Lorrot M.
• International journal of clinical pharmacology and therapeutics.Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther.2014 Nov;52(11):940-7. doi: 10.5414/CP202103.
• OBJECTIVE: Numerous studies have shown that the tolerance of children to fluoroquinolones (FQs) is satisfactory, and some indications have been recently agreed upon. However, vigilance is required when prescribing FQ to children. The aim of our study was to describe the prescription of FQs to childr
• PMID 25161154

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リンク元	「国際一般名称」「INN」
関連記事	「name」「international」

「国際一般名称」

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英

International Nonproprietary Name, International Non-Proprietary Names, INN

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国際一般名、一般名、一般的名称。商品名

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国際一般名 INN : 約 95 件
国際一般名称 INN : 約 4,190 件

「INN」

　　[★]

国際一般名称、国際一般名

関

International Nonproprietary Name

「name」

　　[★]

• n.

• 名称、名前

• v.

• 名付ける、命名する

関

appellation、denominate、designate、designation、naming、term

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「international」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 国際的な、世界的な

関

global、globally、internationally、worldwide