WordNet
- night snakes (同)genus Hypsiglena
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/12/25 06:01:58」(JST)
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| Hypsiglena |
|
Texas night snake
Hypsiglena jani texana |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Animalia |
| Phylum: |
Chordata |
| Subphylum: |
Vertebrata |
| Class: |
Reptilia |
| Order: |
Squamata |
| Suborder: |
Serpentes |
| Family: |
Colubridae |
| Subfamily: |
Dipsadinae |
| Genus: |
Hypsiglena
Cope, 1860 |
|
| Synonyms |
- Leptodeira (part) – Günther, 1860
- Pseudodipsas W. Peters, 1860
- Comastes Jan, 1863 [1]
- Eridiphas Leviton and Tanner, 1960
|
Hypsiglena is a genus of small, rear-fanged, colubrid snakes commonly referred to as night snakes. The genus consists of nine species, and subspecies have been maintained pending further investigation.[2][3]
Contents
- 1 Species and Subspecies
- 2 Geographic range
- 3 Habitat
- 4 Description
- 5 Behavior
- 6 Diet
- 7 Venom
- 8 References
- 9 Further reading
- 10 External links
Species and Subspecies
- Hypsiglena affinis Boulenger, 1894 - Boulenger's night snake
- Hypsiglena catalinae W.W. Tanner, 1966 - Santa Catalina night snake
- Hypsiglena chlorophaea Cope, 1860 - Sonoran night snake
- Hypsiglena chlorophaea deserticola W.W.Tanner, 1966 - Desert night snake
- Hypsiglena chlorophaea loreala W.W. Tanner, 1944 - Mesa Verde night snake
- Hypsiglena chlorophaea tiburonensis W.W. Tanner, 1981 - Tiburón Island night snake
- Hypsiglena jani (Dugès, 1865) - Chihuahua night snake
- Hypsiglena jani texana (Stejneger, 1893) - Texas night snake
- Hypsiglena jani dunklei (Taylor, 1938) - Tamaulipas night snake
- Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha Cope, 1860 - Spotted night snake
- Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha baueri Zweifel, 1958 - Cedros Island night snake
- Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha gularis W.W. Tanner, 1954 - Isla Partida night snake
- Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha klauberi W.W. Tanner, 1944 - San Diego night snake
- Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha martinensis W.W. Tanner & Banta 1962 - San Martín Island night snake
- Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha nuchalata W.W. Tanner, 1943 - California night snake
- Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha tortugaensis W.W. Tanner, 1944 - Isla Tortuga night snake
- Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha venusta Mocquard, 1899 - Central Baja night snake
- Hypsiglena slevini W.W.Tanner, 1943 - Baja California night snake
- Hypsiglena tanzeri Dixon & Lieb, 1972 - Tanzer's night snake
- Hypsiglena torquata (Günther, 1860) - Sinaloa night snake
- Hypsiglena unaocularus W.W.Tanner, 1944 - Clarion Island night snake
Geographic range
Hypsiglena are found throughout the southwestern and western United States, from Texas and Kansas, west to California, north to Washington, and south into Mexico, as well as on islands off the coasts of Mexico.
Habitat
Their preferred habitat is semiarid desert regions with rocky and sandy soils.
Description
Night snakes typically do not exceed a total length of 40 cm (16 in). They are slender-bodied with a flattened head, and have small eyes with vertical pupils. Their color varies depending on their locality, often matching the soil color of their native habitat. They occur in various shades of gray, and brown, with dark brown, gray or black blotches on the back and the sides. Many also have distinctive black markings on the neck region.
Behavior
Hypsiglena are nocturnal and terrestrial.
Diet
Their diet consists primarily of lizards, but they will also consume smaller snakes, and amphibians.
Venom
Their venom is not considered to be dangerous to humans.
References
- ^ Tanner WW. 1944. "A Taxonomic Study of the Genus Hypsiglena ". Great Basin Naturalist 5 (3 & 4): 25-92.
- ^ Mulcahy, D. G. 2008. Phylogeography and species boundaries of the western North American nightsnake (Hypsiglena torquata): Revisiting the subspecies concept. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 46(3): 1095–1115.
- ^ Mulcahy, D. G., J. E. Martínez-Gómez, G. Aguirre-León, J. A. Cervantes-Pasqualli, and G. R. Zug. 2014. Rediscovery of an endemic vertebrate from the remote Islas Revillagigedo in the eastern Pacific Ocean: The Clarión Nightsnake, with conservation and systematic implications. PLOS ONE 9(5): e97682.
Further reading
- Cope ED. 1860. "Catalogue of the Colubridæ in the Museum of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, with notes and descriptions of new species. Part 2". Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 12: 241-266. (Hypsiglena, p. 246).
External links
- Genus Hypsiglena at The Reptile Database
English Journal
- Complete mitochondrial genome of Lycodon flavozonatum and implications for Colubridae taxonomy.
- Ding M1, Wu J, Qian L, Pan T, Zhang B.
- Mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA.2015 Jul 21:1-2. [Epub ahead of print]
- Lycodon flavozonatum, a species of Colubcridae family, is mainly inhabited in hilly region of forest in South China, India, Myanmar, and Vietnam. In this study, the complete mtDNA of L. flavozonatum is 17 172 bp long, which contains 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA (12S and 16S r
- PMID 26195217
- Sequencing and analysis of the complete mitochondrial genome of Elaphe davidi (Squamata: Colubridae).
- Xu C1, Mu Y, Kong Q, Xie G, Guo Z, Zhao S.
- Mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA.2015 Mar 25:1-2. [Epub ahead of print]
- The mitochondrial genome sequence of Elaphe davidi is analyzed and presented for the first time in this work. The genome was 17,117 bp in length and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes and 2 control region. The overall base composition is A (35.4%), C (2
- PMID 25806578
- RNA-seq and high-definition mass spectrometry reveal the complex and divergent venoms of two rear-fanged colubrid snakes.
- McGivern JJ, Wray KP, Margres MJ, Couch ME, Mackessy SP, Rokyta DR1.
- BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2014 Dec 3;15:1061. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-1061.
- BACKGROUND: Largely because of their direct, negative impacts on human health, the venoms of front-fanged snakes of the families Viperidae and Elapidae have been extensively characterized proteomically, transcriptomically, and pharmacologically. However, relatively little is known about the molecula
- PMID 25476704
Related Links
- Hypsiglena is a genus of small, rear-fanged, colubrid snakes commonly referred to as night snakes. The genus consists of two distinct species, many subspecies may be considered synonymous depending on the source.
Related Pictures
