Heart Protection Study

同

HPS

WordNet

1. be a student; follow a course of study; be enrolled at an institute of learning
2. a room used for reading and writing and studying; "he knocked lightly on the closed door of the study"
3. applying the mind to learning and understanding a subject (especially by reading); "mastering a second language requires a lot of work"; "no schools offer graduate study in interior design" (同)work
4. a composition intended to develop one aspect of the performers technique; "a study in spiccato bowing"
5. a state of deep mental absorption; "she is in a deep study"
6. someone who memorizes quickly and easily (as the lines for a part in a play); "he is a quick study"
7. give careful consideration to; "consider the possibility of moving" (同)consider
8. learn by reading books; "He is studying geology in his room"; "I have an exam next week; I must hit the books now" (同)hit the books
9. think intently and at length, as for spiritual purposes; "He is meditating in his study" (同)meditate, contemplate
10. a plane figure with rounded sides curving inward at the top and intersecting at the bottom; conventionally used on playing cards and valentines; "he drew a heart and called it a valentine"
11. the courage to carry on; "he kept fighting on pure spunk"; "you havent got the heart for baseball" (同)mettle, nerve, spunk
12. an inclination or tendency of a certain kind; "he had a change of heart" (同)spirit
13. a playing card in the major suit that has one or more red hearts on it; "he led the queen of hearts"; "hearts were trumps"
14. the locus of feelings and intuitions; "in your heart you know it is true"; "her story would melt your bosom" (同)bosom
15. the hollow muscular organ located behind the sternum and between the lungs; its rhythmic contractions move the blood through the body; "he stood still, his heart thumping wildly" (同)pump, ticker
16. a firm rather dry variety meat (usually beef or veal); "a five-pound beef heart will serve six"
17. the condition of being protected; "they were huddled together for protection"; "he enjoyed a sense of peace and protection in his new home" (同)shelter
18. the imposition of duties or quotas on imports in order to protect domestic industry against foreign competition; "he made trade protection a plank in the party platform" (同)trade protection
19. payment extorted by gangsters on threat of violence; "every store in the neighborhood had to pay him protection" (同)tribute
20. the activity of protecting someone or something; "the witnesses demanded police protection"

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 〈U〉(一般に)『勉強』,学習すること / 〈C〉(…の)勉強,研究《+of+名》 / 〈C〉〈U〉(…の)『綿密な調査』,検討《+of+名》 / 〈C〉研究対象(問題,事項);学科 / 〈C〉『書斎』,勉強部屋 / 〈C〉(美術・文学などの)習作,試作,スケッチ,(音楽の)練習曲,エチュード / …‘を'『勉強する』,学ぶ,研究する / …‘を'『よく注意して見る』,しげしげと見る / …‘を'『調査する』,検討する / …‘を'考慮する,配慮する / 〈せりふなど〉‘を'覚えようとする / 『勉強する』,学ぶ,研究する
2. 〈C〉『心臓』;胸 / 〈C〉(感情の中心をなす)『心』,気持ち / 〈U〉愛情,同情 / 〈U〉『勇気』,元気,熱意 / 《the ~》『中心』,内部,(物事の)本質,核心 / 〈C〉ハート形の物;(カードの)ハートの札
3. 〈U〉(…から)『保護すること』,『守ること』;保護されていること《+from(against)+名》 / 《単数形で》(…を)防いでくれる人(物),保護者《+『from』(『against』)+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/10/29 17:42:45」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

The Heart Protection Study was a large randomized controlled trial run by the Clinical Trial Service Unit, and funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC) and the British Heart Foundation (BHF) in the United Kingdom. It studied the use of statin (simvastatin 40 mg) medication and vitamin supplementation (vitamin E, vitamin C and beta carotene) in patients who are at risk of cardiovascular disease.

Results

An outline of the study protocol was published in 1999. Initial results were published in 2002, which indicated that vitamins made little difference in modifying cardiovascular risk, but that simvastatin could significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular events. Further results, from 2003 and 2004, focused on the role of simvastatin in diabetics and preventing stroke. A 2005 paper analyses the cost-effectiveness of a prescribing strategy similar to the one employed in the study.

Interpretation

The HPS is to date the largest study to investigate the use of statins in the prevention of cardiovascular disease. While there have been concerns about side-effects (myopathy and rhabdomyolysis), these were rare in this study.

The number needed to treat in the study was 57 patients to postpone one death and 19 to prevent one cardiovascular "event" (in those taking the drug simvastatin for 5 years). There was no mortality benefit in women. Cancer risk was suggestively lower in the treatment group. No worsening of lung disease was found, an initial concern with statin drugs, and simvastatin did not decrease osteoporosis.

References

See also

• Study homepage at the Clinical Trial Service Unit
• Bandolier condensation of the HPS results

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. 心血管疾患または糖尿病患者におけるコレステロール低下に関する臨床試験 clinical trials of cholesterol lowering in patients with cardiovascular disease or diabetes
• 2. 二次予防における脂質（高コレステロール血症を含む）の治療 treatment of lipids including hypercholesterolemia in secondary prevention
• 3. スタチン：作用、副作用、および投与 statins actions side effects and administration
• 4. 冠動脈疾患における食物性抗酸化物質 nutritional antioxidants in coronary heart disease
• 5. 末梢動脈疾患（PAD）の疫学、危険因子、および自然経過 epidemiology risk factors and natural history of peripheral artery disease

English Journal

• Association of low-level arsenic exposure in drinking water with cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and risk assessment.

• Tsuji JS1, Perez V2, Garry MR3, Alexander DD4.
• Toxicology.Toxicology.2014 Sep 2;323:78-94. doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2014.06.008. Epub 2014 Jun 20.
• The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is developing an integrated assessment of non-cancer and cancer risk assessment of inorganic arsenic (iAs). Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in association with iAs exposure has been examined in a number of studies and provides a basis for evaluating a refe
• PMID 24953689

• Loss of NOX2 (gp91phox) prevents oxidative stress and progression to advanced heart failure.

• Parajuli N, Patel VB, Wang W, Basu R, Oudit GY.
• Clinical science (London, England : 1979).Clin Sci (Lond).2014 Sep;127(5):331-40. doi: 10.1042/CS20130787.
• Oxidative stress plays a key pathogenic role in experimental and human heart failure. However, the source of ROS (reactive oxygen species) is a key determinant of the cardiac adaptation to pathological stressors. In the present study, we have shown that human dilated cardiomyopathy is associated wit
• PMID 24624929

• Cardioprotective role of P38 MAPK during myocardial infarction via parallel activation of α-crystallin B and Nrf2.

• Mitra A1, Ray A, Datta R, Sengupta S, Sarkar S.
• Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Sep;229(9):1272-82. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24565.
• Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as cardiac cell death due to prolonged ischemia. Although necrotic cell death was considered to be solely responsible for myocyte death during MI, it was recently revealed that apoptosis also plays its part in this death process. Our laboratory has recently show
• PMID 24464634

Japanese Journal

• Cardiovascular Protection with Danshensu in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

• Tang Yiqun,Wang Minhui,Chen Chunlin,Le Xiaoyong,Sun Shujuan,Yin Yuemiao
• Biological & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 34(10), 1596-1601, 2011
• … The objective of the present study was to evaluate the cardiovascular protective effects of Danshensu, a water-soluble active component of Danshen, in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). … The heart weight to body weight index was significantly increased in SHR, and this increase was attenuated with Danshensu treatment (both p<0.05). … Together, these results demonstrate that Danshensu imparts cardiovascular protection by modifying vascular responses during the progression of hypertension. …
• NAID 130001086593

• Effect of MGuard Net Protective Stent on the Release of Troponin I in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndromes : A Randomized Controlled Trial

• Veselka Josef,Malý Martin,Zemánek David,Hájek Petr,Martinkovicová Lucie,Tomašov Pavol
• International Heart
• … This study was designed to determine whether the treatment of patients with unstable angina pectoris or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction with a stent containing a protection net to prevent coronary microembolization affects the severity of biomarker release.The MGuard stent (InspireMD, Tel Aviv, Israel) was designed as a plaque/thrombus-trapping device, using a conventional bare metal stent covered with an ultrathin, flexible mesh net. …
• NAID 130000971162

Related Links

• PubMed - National Center for Biotechnology Information

詳細の表示を試みましたが、サイトのオーナーによって制限されているため表示できません。

• MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study - CTSU

MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study Stroke results posted 6 th May 2004. Results of economic evaluation posted 20 th November 2003. Results in diabetic subgroup posted 13 th June 2003. Main results posted 5 th July 2002. The ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「HPS」
関連記事	「study」「protection」「heart」

「HPS」

　　[★]

• 血球貪食症候群 hemophagocytic syndrome
• ハンタウイルス肺症候群 hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
• 肝肺症候群 hepatopulmonary syndrome
• Heart Protection Study
• ヘルマンスキー・プドラック症候群 Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome

「study」

　　[★]

• n.

• 研究、勉学、学習
• (～の)研究、学問。[-ies](従事している)研究、学業(in,on,of,into)
• 慎重な調査、詳細な検討
• 研究対象/研究題目。研究論文、論考。[-ies]学科
• (～に関して)研究に値するもの、見もの、(～の)具体例(in)
• 書斎、勉強部屋、研究室

• vt.
• vi.

関

examine、exploration、explore、inquire、inquiry、investigate、investigation、investigational、investigative、laboratory research、probing、research、scan、surveillance、survey、work

　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

「protection」

　　[★]

• 保護、保護作用

関

conservation、conserve、guardian、protect、protective effect、safeguard

　 　 　 　 　

「heart」

　　[★] 心臓