ヘマトキシリン・エオシン染色 hematoxylin-eosin staining

WordNet

the 5th letter of the Hebrew alphabet
the 8th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)h
the act of spotting or staining something (同)spotting, maculation
(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study

PrepTutorEJDIC

彼は,彼が / 《指す人の性別が分からないか,または分かる必要のない場合に》その人,あの人,自分 / 《he who(that)の形で》《文》…するものはだれでも / (動物の)おす(雄)
鬼ごっこ(tag,tick,tig)
hydrogenの化学記号
鉛筆の硬度 / 《俗》heroin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/02 04:44:36」(JST)

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Histologic specimen of human lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin

Black & White photograph of a histologic specimen of bird lung infested by Toxoplasma gondii, stained with hematoxylin and eosin

Hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E stain or HE stain) is one of the principal stains in histology. It is the most widely used stain in medical diagnosis and is often the gold standard; for example when a pathologist looks at a biopsy of a suspected cancer, the histological section is likely to be stained with H&E and termed "H&E section", "H+E section", or "HE section".

The staining method involves application of hemalum, a complex formed from aluminum ions and hematein (an oxidation product of haematoxylin). Hemalum colors nuclei of cells (and a few other objects, such as keratohyalin granules and calcified material) blue. The nuclear staining is followed by counterstaining with an aqueous or alcoholic solution of eosin Y, which colors eosinophilic structures in various shades of red, pink and orange. A mnemonic often used to remember the coloring process is Acidic Attaches Acidophilic Applying Auburn and Basic Binds Basophilic Becoming Blue.

The staining of nuclei by hemalum is ordinarily due to binding of the dye-metal complex to DNA, but nuclear staining can be obtained after extraction of DNA from tissue sections. The mechanism is different from that of nuclear staining by basic (cationic) dyes such as thionine or toluidine blue. Staining by basic dyes occurs only from solutions that are less acidic than hemalum, and it is prevented by prior chemical or enzymatic extraction of nucleic acids. There is evidence to indicate that coordinate bonds, similar to those that hold aluminum and hematein together, bind the hemalum complex to DNA and to carboxy groups of proteins in the nuclear chromatin.

The eosinophilic structures are generally composed of intracellular or extracellular protein. The Lewy bodies and Mallory bodies are examples of eosinophilic structures. Most of the cytoplasm is eosinophilic. Red blood cells are stained intensely red.

The structures do not have to be acidic or basic to be called basophilic and eosinophilic; the terminology is based on the affinity of cellular components for the dyes. Other colors, e.g. yellow and brown, can be present in the sample; they are caused by intrinsic pigments, e.g. melanin. Some structures do not stain well. Basal laminae need to be stained by PAS stain or some silver stains, if they have to be well visible. Reticular fibers also require silver stain. Hydrophobic structures also tend to remain clear; these are usually rich in fats, e.g. adipocytes, myelin around neuron axons, and Golgi apparatus membranes.

Overview

Hematoxylin is a dark blue or violet stain that is basic/positive. It binds to basophilic substances (such DNA/RNA - which are acidic and negatively charged).
- DNA/RNA in the nucleus, and RNA in ribosomes in the rough endoplasmic reticulum are both acidic because the nucleic acid building blocks that come off the phosphate backbone are negatively charged. These form salts with basic dyes containing positive charges. Therefore, dyes like hematoxylin will bind to them and stain them violet.

Eosin is a red or pink stain that is Acidic / Negative. It binds to acidophilic substances (such as proteins - which are basic and positively charged).
- Most proteins in the cytoplasm are basic because they are positively charged due to the arginine and lysine amino acid residues. These form salts with acid dyes containing negative charges, like eosin. Therefore, eosin binds to these amino acids/proteins and stains them pink. This includes cytoplasmic filaments in muscle cells, intracellular membranes, and extracellular fibers.

References

Godwin Avwioro (2011). Histochemical Uses Of Haematoxylin - A Review. JPCS 1:24-34. PDF
Baker JR (1962) Experiments on the action of mordants. 2. Aluminium-haematein. Quart. J. Microsc. Sci. 103: 493-517.
Kiernan JA (2008) Histological and Histochemical Methods: Theory and Practice. 4th ed. Bloxham, UK: Scion.
Lillie RD, Pizzolato P, Donaldson PT (1976) Nuclear stains with soluble metachrome mordant lake dyes. The effect of chemical endgroup blocking reactions and the artificial introduction of acid groups into tissues. Histochemistry 49: 23-35.
Llewellyn BD (2009) Nuclear staining with alum-hematoxylin. Biotech. Histochem. 84: 159-177.
Marshall PN, Horobin RW (1973) The mechanism of action of "mordant" des - a study using preformed metal complexes. Histochemie 35: 361-371.
Puchtler H, Meloan SN, Waldrop FS (1986) Application of current chemical concepts to metal-haematein and -brazilein stains. Histochemistry 85: 353-364.

External links

SIGMA-ALDRICH H&E Informational Primer^{[dead link]}

Protocol

Routine Mayer's Hematoxylin and Eosin Stain (H&E)
Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) Staining Protocol
Rosen Lab, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine) Step by step protocol^{[dead link]}

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