WordNet

the 8th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)h
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response

PrepTutorEJDIC

hydrogenの化学記号
鉛筆の硬度 / 《俗》heroin
=sense organ / 受信装置

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/02/03 21:44:44」(JST)

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H₂ receptors are positively coupled to adenylate cyclase via G_s. It is a potent stimulant of cAMP production, which leads to activation of protein kinase A.^[4] PKA functions to phosphorylate certain proteins, affecting their activity. The drug betazole is an example of a histamine H₂ receptor agonist.

Function

Histamine is a ubiquitous messenger molecule released from mast cells, enterochromaffin-like cells, and neurons.^[4] Its various actions are mediated by histamine receptors H₁, H₂, H₃ and H₄. The histamine receptor H₂ belongs to the rhodopsin-like family of G protein-coupled receptors. It is an integral membrane protein and stimulates gastric acid secretion. It also regulates gastrointestinal motility and intestinal secretion and is thought to be involved in regulating cell growth and differentiation.^[5]

Tissue distribution

It is found here:^[4]

Gastric parietal cells (oxyntic cells)
Vascular smooth muscle
Neutrophils
Central nervous system
Heart
Uterus

Physiological responses

Activation of the H₂ receptor results in the following physiological responses:

Stimulation of gastric acid secretion (Target of anti-histaminergics (H₂ receptors) for peptic ulcer disease and GERD)
Smooth muscle relaxation (Experimental histamine H₂ receptor agonist used for asthma and COPD)
Inhibit antibody synthesis, T-cell proliferation and cytokine production
Vasodilation – PKA activity causes phosphorylation of MLCK, decreasing its activity, resulting in MLC of myosin being dephosphorylated by MLCP and thus inhibiting contraction. The smooth muscle relaxation leads to vasodilation.^[6]

References

^ "Drugs that physically interact with Histamine receptor H2 view/edit references on wikidata".
^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
^ ^a ^b ^c Hill SJ, Ganellin CR, Timmerman H, Schwartz JC, Shankley NP, Young JM, Schunack W, Levi R, Haas HL (Sep 1997). "International Union of Pharmacology. XIII. Classification of histamine receptors". Pharmacological Reviews. 49 (3): 253–78. PMID 9311023.
^ "Entrez Gene: HRH2 histamine receptor H2".
^ Walter F., PhD. Boron (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular And Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier/Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 479

External links

"Histamine Receptors: H₂". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
H2 receptors at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

UpToDate Contents

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2. 成人における胃食道逆流症の内科的マネージメント medical management of gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults
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4. 成人における難治性胃食道逆流症へのアプローチ approach to refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease in adults
5. 非ステロイド性抗炎症剤（NSAIDs）（アスピリンを含む）：胃十二指腸障害の一次予防 nsaids including aspirin primary prevention of gastroduodenal toxicity

English Journal

Molecular basis of in vitro affinity maturation and functional evolution of a neutralizing anti-human GM-CSF antibody.

Eylenstein R1,2, Weinfurtner D1,2, Härtle S1, Strohner R1, Böttcher J3,4, Augustin M3, Ostendorp R1, Steidl S1.
mAbs.MAbs.2016 Jan 2;8(1):176-86. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1099774. Epub 2015 Sep 25.
X-ray structure analysis of 4 antibody Fab fragments, each in complex with human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), was performed to investigate the changes at the protein-protein binding interface during the course of in vitro affinity maturation by phage display selection.
PMID 26406987

Hydrogen peroxide modulates synaptic transmission in ventral horn neurons of the rat spinal cord.

Ohashi M1, Hirano T1, Watanabe K1, Katsumi K1, Ohashi N2, Baba H2, Endo N1, Kohno T2.
The Journal of physiology.J Physiol.2016 Jan 1;594(1):115-134. doi: 10.1113/JP271449. Epub 2015 Dec 7.
KEY POINTS: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is implicated in many central nervous system disorders; however, the physiological role of ROS in spinal ventral horn (VH) neurons remains poorly understood. We investigated how pathological levels of H2 O2 , an abundant ROS, regulate
PMID 26510999

Spinal histamine in attenuation of mechanical hypersensitivity in the spinal nerve ligation-induced model of experimental neuropathy.

Wei H1, Viisanen H1, You HJ2, Pertovaara A3.
European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2015 Dec 23. pii: S0014-2999(15)30433-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.12.039. [Epub ahead of print]
Here we studied whether and through which mechanisms spinal administration of histamine dihydrochloride (histamine) attenuates pain behavior in neuropathic animals. Experiments were performed in rats with spinal nerve ligation-induced neuropathy and a chronic intrathecal catheter for spinal drug del
PMID 26723513

Japanese Journal

長期低用量アスピリン服用者における出血性消化管病変 (特集低用量アスピリンによる消化管粘膜傷害研究の進歩)

三宅一昌,高橋保裕,高野仁司 [他]
消化器内科 55(3), 299-304, 2012-09
NAID 40019458719

生体分子の立体構造と分子間相互作用の研究を振り返って

石田寿昌
YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 132(7), 785-816, 2012
… (4) conformational feature of histamine H2 receptor antagonists and design of cathepsin B inhibitors; …
NAID 130001888694

Roles of Histamine in Exercise-Induced Fatigue: Favouring Endurance and Protecting against Exhaustion

Niijima-Yaoita Fukie,Tsuchiya Masahiro,Ohtsu Hiroshi [他],Yanai Kazuhiko,Sugawara Shunji,Endo Yasuo,Tadano Takeshi
Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 35(1), 91-97, 2012
… Mice given a histamine H1-receptor antagonist [fexofenadine (peripherally acting) or pyrilamine (peripherally and centrally acting)] or an irreversible HDC inhibitor (α-fluoromethylhistidine) displayed less PW endurance than control mice. … Ranitidine (H2-receptor antagonist) tended to reduce endurance. … Other histamine-receptor (H3 and H4) antagonists had no significant effects on endurance. …
NAID 130001872348

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「H2受容体」「histamine H2 receptor」
拡張検索	「prostaglandin H2 receptor」「H2 receptor antagonist」「H2 receptor blocker」「H2 receptor antagonists」
関連記事	「H」

「H2受容体」

HRH2
Identifiers
Aliases	HRH2, H2R, histamine receptor H2
External IDs	MGI: 108482 HomoloGene: 40613 GeneCards: HRH2
Targeted by Drug
	amthamine, impromidine, cimetidine, ciproxifan, clobenpropit, conessine, mk-0249, pitolisant, (E)-ranitidine, abt-239
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• G-protein coupled receptor activity; • signal transducer activity; • histamine receptor activity;
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane; • membrane; • plasma membrane; • integral component of plasma membrane;
Biological process	• visual learning; • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; • epithelial cell morphogenesis; • gastric acid secretion; • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger; • memory; • toxin transport; • regulation of synaptic plasticity; • gastrin-induced gastric acid secretion; • positive regulation of vasoconstriction; • immune response; • digestive tract development; • signal transduction; • gland development; • histamine-induced gastric acid secretion;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	3274
	15466
	ENSG00000113749
	ENSMUSG00000034987
	P25021
	P97292
	NM_001131055; NM_022304
	NM_001010973; NM_008286
	NP_001124527; NP_071640
	NP_001010973.1; NP_032312.2; NP_001010973; NP_032312
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse