WordNet
- a poisonous fungus with a dry cap and a cortina that does not leave much of a ring on the robust stalk
- a genus of fungus characterized by the orange color of the spore deposit (同)genus Gymnopilus
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/24 15:55:03」(JST)
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| Gymnopilus validipes |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Fungi |
| Division: |
Basidiomycota |
| Class: |
Agaricomycetes |
| Order: |
Agaricales |
| Family: |
Cortinariaceae |
| Genus: |
Gymnopilus |
| Species: |
G. validipes |
| Binomial name |
Gymnopilus validipes
((Peck) Hesler) |
| Synonyms |
|
Cortinarius validipes Gymnopolis magna
|
| Gymnopilus validipes |
|
Mycological characteristics |
|
gills on hymenium |
|
cap is convex |
| |
hymenium is adnexed
or adnate |
|
stipe has a ring |
|
spore print is yellow-orange |
|
ecology is saprotrophic |
|
edibility: psychoactive |
Gymnopilus validipes is a widely distributed mushroom of North America and Europe. Gymnopilus validipes contains the hallucinogens psilocybin and psilocin. The mild taste of this mushroom stands in contrast to closely related bitter species. Validipes means "having a robust stalk." Gymnopilus validipes contains about 0.12% psilocybin.[1]
Contents
- 1 Description
- 2 Habitat and formation
- 3 See also
- 4 References
Description
- Pileus: (4)7.5 — 15(30) cm, Convex to broadly convex, margin deeply incurved at first, becoming revolute with age, dry, fibrillose or with small ochraceous brown scales, pale-yellow or ochraceous buff, flesh soft, whitish, yellowish near the gills.
- Gills: Adnate to uncinate, close, thin, yellowish white becoming cinnamon.
- Spore Print: Orangish brown.
- Stipe: (7.5)10 — 13(25) cm. long, (1.5)2.5 – 5 cm. thick, equal or swelling in the middle, fleshy-fibrous, solid, elastic, fibrillose, concolorous, white within, the cortina leaves only a faint ring on the robust stalk.
- Taste: Mild.
- Odor: Pleasant.
- Microscopic features: Spores (7.5)8 — 10 X 5 — 6, ellipsoid.
Habitat and formation
Gymnopilus validipes is found growing gregarious to cespitose on tree stumps, hardwood logs and debris, widespread in the United States, common from the Great Lakes and eastward.
See also
- Psilocybin mushrooms
- List of Psilocybin mushrooms
References
- ^ Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World
- Stamets, Paul (1996). Psilocybin Mushrooms of the World. Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 0-9610798-0-0.
- Hesler, L. R. (1969). North American species of Gymnopilus. New York: Hafner. 117 pp.
|
Psilocybin mushrooms
|
|
- List of psilocybin mushrooms
- Legal status of psilocybin mushrooms
|
|
| Gymnopilus |
- G. aeruginosus
- G. braendlei
- G. junonius
- G. liquiritiae
- G. luteofolius
- G. luteoviridis
- G. luteus
- G. purpuratus
- G. sapineus
- G. validipes
- G. viridans
|
|
| Inocybe |
- I. aeruginascens
- I. corydalina var. corydalina
- I. tricolor
|
|
| Panaeolus |
- P. africanus
- P. bisporus
- P. cambodginiensis
- P. cinctulus
- P. cyanescens
- P. fimicola
- P. olivaceus
- P. tropicalis
|
|
| Psilocybe |
- P. allenii
- P. atlantis
- P. aucklandii
- P. aztecorum
- P. azurescens
- P. baeocystis
- P. banderillensis
- P. caerulescens var. caerulescens
- P. caerulipes
- P. cubensis
- P. cyanescens
- P. cyanofibrillosa
- P. fimetaria
- P. graveolens
- P. hispanica
- P. hoogshagenii
- P. liniformans var. americana
- P. makarorae
- P. meridionalis
- P. mescaleroensis
- P. mexicana
- P. ovoideocystidiata
- P. pelliculosa
- P. plutonia
- P. quebecensis
- P. samuiensis
- P. semilanceata
- P. silvatica
- P. strictipes
- P. stuntzii
- P. subaeruginascens
- P. subaeruginosa
- P. tampanensis
- P. villarrealiae
- P. weraroa
- P. zapotecorum
|
|
| Other |
- Pholiotina cyanopus
- Pholiotina smithii
- Pluteus salicinus
|
|
English Journal
- Traditional infrageneric classification of Gymnopilus is not supported by ribosomal DNA sequence data.
- Guzmán-Dávalos L, Mueller GM, Cifuentes J, Miller AN, Santerre A.SourceDepartamento de Botánica y Zoología, Universidad de Guadalajara, Apartado postal 1-139, Zapopan, Jalisco, 45101, México.
- Mycologia.Mycologia.2003 Nov-Dec;95(6):1204-14.
- The traditional classification of Gymnopilus (Agaricales) recognizes two primary groups, Annulati and Gymnopilus, based on the presence or absence of a membranous partial veil. While our analyses of DNA sequence data from the nuclear ribosomal ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS) gene supports the monophyly of the
- PMID 21149021
- The occurrence of psilocybin in Gymnopilus species.
- Hatfield GM, Valdes LJ.AbstractAn accidental case of mushroom poisoning led to the detection of psilocybin in Gymnopilus validipes (Cortinariaceae). This compound was subsequently isolated (0.12% yield) by anion exchange and cellulose chromatography. Eighteen additional species of Gymnopilus were screened by a method capable of detecting 0.0004% psilocybin in dried carpophores. Psilocybin was detected in G. aeruginosus, G. luteus, G. viridans and G. spectabilis. The latter species has been previously reported to be hallucinogenic. This is the first report of psilocybin from this genus.
- Lloydia.Lloydia.1978 Mar-Apr;41(2):140-4.
- An accidental case of mushroom poisoning led to the detection of psilocybin in Gymnopilus validipes (Cortinariaceae). This compound was subsequently isolated (0.12% yield) by anion exchange and cellulose chromatography. Eighteen additional species of Gymnopilus were screened by a method capable of d
- PMID 565861
Related Links
- *The pictures displayed here may not be true G. validipes, little microscopy has been done on these observations. However they are a good representation of what the ...
- Definition of Gymnopilus validipes in the AudioEnglish.org Dictionary. Meaning of Gymnopilus validipes. What does Gymnopilus validipes mean? Proper usage of the word ...