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Gliocladium is an asexual fungal genus in the Hypocreaceae. Commonly occurring species include: Gliocladium penicilloides, Gliocladium virens (recently transferred to the genus Trichoderma),^[1] and Gliocladium roseum. Gliocladium is a mitosporic, filamentous fungus. Species of Gliocladium rarely produce a sexual state.^[2] Most pathogenic, disease-causing fungi in humans is mitosporic like Gliocladium.^[2] Gliocladium is filamentous; it grows tubular, elongated, and thread-like.^[3] It can be considered a contaminant.

Features

Species of Gliocladium are considered to have pathogenic potential although they are not commonly thought of as a disease causing agent in humans and animals. Gliotoxin is a metabolite of the species Gliocladium deliquescens.^[3] The significance of gliotoxin has not yet been determined.

Gliocladium species occur worldwide in soil and decaying organic matter. Some species of Gliocladium are parasitic on other fungi. Gliocladium is found world-wide. Gliocladium is classified as a RG-1 organism; it is assessed to have low to no individual or community risk. Also, this microorganism is unlikely to cause human or animal disease. This status has been assessed by the American Biological Safety Association based upon criteria of the Classification of Infective Microorganisms by Risk Group.^[4]

Most species of Gliocladium grow rapidly in culture producing spreading colonies with a cotton-like texture, covering a Petri dish in 1 week. The colonies are initially white and cream-like; but may become reddish or green as they age and sporulate.^[5]

Microscopically, Gliocladium species produces hyphae, conidiophores, and conidia borne from hyaline phialides.^[5] The conidiophores are erect, dense, and have a brush-like structure which produce tapering, slimy phialides.^[5] Gliocladium can produce conidiophores that are branching and vertically oriented, similar to the genera Verticillium, Trichoderma and Penicillium.^[5] Conidia are single-celled and cylindrical, accumulating in slime droplets at the tips of phialides that often become confluent across the apex of the entire conidiophore. This characteristic is in contrast to the dry conidia borne in persistent chains that characterize members of the genus Penicillium^[3]

References

^ Mycobank. "Gliocladium virens".
^ ^a ^b http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/68003904%7C
^ ^a ^b ^c "Gliocladium Species". doctorfungus.org. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
^ "ABSA - Risk Group Classification for Infectious Agents". absa.org. Retrieved 2014-06-02.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "Mycology Online | Gliocladium sp.". mycology.adelaide.edu.au. Retrieved 2014-06-02.

English Journal

Soybean fungal soil-borne diseases: a parameter for measuring the effect of agricultural intensification on soil health.

Pérez-Brandán C1, Huidobro J, Grümberg B, Scandiani MM, Luque AG, Meriles JM, Vargas-Gil S.Author information 1a INTA EEA Salta, Ruta Nacional 68 Km. 172 C.P. 4403 Cerrillos, Salta, Argentina.AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the influence of agricultural intensification on soil microbial diversity, chemical and physical parameters, and the decrease of the incidence of sudden death syndrome (Fusarium crassistipitatum) and charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in soybean. Soils under different management systems were evaluated during 2 crop cycles: soybean monoculture for 24 and 11 years, soybean-maize rotation for 15 and 4 years, 1 year of soybean, and native vegetation. The incidence of both soil-borne diseases was higher under monoculture than under rotation. Increased populations of potential biocontrol agents (Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium spp., fluorescent pseudomonads) were associated with rotation treatments, especially in 2010-2011. The comparison of agricultural vs. native vegetation soil and the average of agricultural cycles showed that microbial biomass carbon and glomalin-related soil protein were higher in the rotation system than in monoculture (50% and 77%, respectively). Furthermore, from the community-level functional diversity (Biolog Eco plates), McIntosh index showed lower functional diversity in monoculture than in rotation and native vegetation plots. Agricultural intensification reduced microbial biomass carbon, glomalin-related soil protein, organic matter, total nitrogen, aggregate stability, and yield, and increased bulk density. Soil quality degradation was associated with the establishment of soil-borne pathogens and increased soybean plant susceptibility to disease.
Canadian journal of microbiology.Can J Microbiol.2014 Feb;60(2):73-84. doi: 10.1139/cjm-2013-0792. Epub 2013 Dec 18.
The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of agricultural intensification on soil microbial diversity, chemical and physical parameters, and the decrease of the incidence of sudden death syndrome (Fusarium crassistipitatum) and charcoal rot (Macrophomina phaseolina) in soybean. Soils un
PMID 24498984

[Genetic transformation of the fungus Gliocladium sp. mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens].

Wang Y, Hu P, Li E, Liu X, Che Y, Liu G.AbstractOBJECTIVE: To construct a transformation system in Gliocladium sp. 6.102, a Cordyceps-colonizing fungus producing a variety of epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) compounds with drug potentials.
Wei sheng wu xue bao = Acta microbiologica Sinica.Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao.2013 Nov 4;53(11):1233-9.
OBJECTIVE: To construct a transformation system in Gliocladium sp. 6.102, a Cordyceps-colonizing fungus producing a variety of epipolythiodioxopiperazine (ETP) compounds with drug potentials.METHODS: Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) was used to transform Gliocladium sp. 6.102
PMID 24617266

Fungal ovicidal activity on Toxocara canis eggs.

De Souza Maia Filho F1, Nunes Vieira J, Aires Berne ME, Stoll FE, Da Silva Nascente P, Pötter L, Brayer Pereira DI.Author information 1Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Programa de Pós Graduação em Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Electronic address: fmaia2404@yahoo.com.br.AbstractBACKGROUND: Visceral toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis. The prevalence of this parasite in dogs, soil contamination and the resistance of eggs increase human exposure to the disease. Moreover, the difficulties of the control measures justify the need for alternative ones.
Revista iberoamericana de micología.Rev Iberoam Micol.2013 Oct-Dec;30(4):226-30. doi: 10.1016/j.riam.2012.12.009. Epub 2013 Feb 9.
BACKGROUND: Visceral toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by Toxocara canis. The prevalence of this parasite in dogs, soil contamination and the resistance of eggs increase human exposure to the disease. Moreover, the difficulties of the control measures justify the need for alternative ones.
PMID 23402830

Japanese Journal

Production of 6-kestose by the filamentous fungus Gliocladium virens as affected by sucrose concentration

Fialho Mauricio Batista,Simoes Kelly,de Almeida Barros Caroline [他]
Mycoscience 54(3), 198-205, 2013-05
NAID 40019647493

1H,1'H-[3,3']biindolyl from the terrestrial fungus Gliocladium catenulatum

BERTINETTI Brenda V,RODRIGUEZ M Alejandra,GODEAS Alicia M,CABRERA Gabriela M
Journal of antibiotics 63(11), 681-683, 2010-11-25
NAID 10030710521

10 キチナーゼ阻害剤Argifinの固相全合成と分子設計、in situクリックケミストリーを駆使した新規キチナーゼ阻害剤の創製(口頭発表の部)

砂塚敏明,廣瀬友靖,菅原章公,井口加奈美,遠藤綾子,斉藤佳史,山本剛,宇井英明,合田浩明,広野修一,塩見和朗,渡邉剛志,Sharpless K. Barry,大村智
天然有機化合物討論会講演要旨集 (50), 83-88, 2008-09-01
… Argifin (1) represents a family of peptide products, of natural microorganic origin, isolated from the cultured broth of a fungal strain, Gliocladium sp. …
NAID 110007066770

Related Pictures

Gliocladium sp. a good view of a Gliocladium sp. on Slide Culture (X100 FIG. 1. Gliocladium in slide culture. Gliocladium sp. This photo better shows gliocladium 5 10 from 44 votes gliocladium Anamorphic / Gliocladium sp gliocladium roseum

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リンク元	「グリオクラジウム属」
拡張検索	「Gliocladium属」

「グリオクラジウム属」

Gliocladium
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Ascomycota
Subdivision:	Pezizomycotina
Class:	Sordariomycetes
Order:	Hypocreales
Family:	Hypocreaceae
Genus:	Gliocladium; Corda
Type species
	Gliocladium penicilliodes; Corda