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a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"

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(疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/10/01 16:21:54」(JST)

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Gerstmann syndrome is a neuropsychological disorder that is characterized by a constellation of symptoms that suggests the presence of a lesion in a particular area of the brain. (It should not be confused with Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, which is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy.) Damage to the inferior parietal lobule of the dominant hemisphere results in Gerstmann's syndrome.

It is named for Josef Gerstmann.^[1]

Primary symptoms

Gerstmann syndrome is characterized by four primary symptoms:

Dysgraphia/agraphia: deficiency in the ability to write^[2]^[3]
Dyscalculia/acalculia: difficulty in learning or comprehending mathematics^[2]^[3]
Finger agnosia: inability to distinguish the fingers on the hand^[2]^[3]
Left-right disorientation^[2]^[3]

Causes

This disorder is often associated with brain lesions in the dominant (usually left) hemisphere including the angular and supramarginal gyri near the temporal and parietal lobe junction. There is significant debate in the scientific literature as to whether Gerstmann Syndrome truly represents a unified, theoretically motivated syndrome. Thus its diagnostic utility has been questioned by neurologists and neuropsychologists alike. The angular gyrus is generally involved in translating visual patterns of letter and words into meaningful information, such as is done while reading.

In adults

In adults, the syndrome may occur after a stroke or in association with damage to the inferior parietal lobule of the dominant (left) side.^[3]

In addition to exhibiting the above symptoms, many adults also experience aphasia, which is a difficulty in expressing oneself when speaking, in understanding speech, or in reading and writing.

In children

There are few reports of the syndrome, sometimes called developmental Gerstmann syndrome, in children.^[4] The cause is not known. Most cases are identified when children reach school age, a time when they are challenged with writing and math exercises. Generally, children with the disorder exhibit poor handwriting and spelling skills, and difficulty with math functions, including adding, subtracting, multiplying, and dividing. An inability to differentiate right from left and to discriminate among individual fingers may also be apparent. In addition to the four primary symptoms, many children also suffer from constructional apraxia, an inability to copy simple drawings. Frequently, there is also an impairment in reading. Children with a high level of intellectual functioning as well as those with brain damage may be affected with the disorder.^{[citation needed]}

Diagnosis

Diagnosis may be clinical if associated with dementia and other etiologies. In cases caused by stroke, MRI will show a corresponding stroke in the inferior parietal lobule. In the acute stage, this will be bright (restricted diffusion) on the DWI sequence and dark at the corresponding area on the ADC sequence.

Treatment

There is no cure for Gerstmann syndrome. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive. Occupational and speech therapies may help diminish the dysgraphia and apraxia. In addition, calculators and word processors may help school children cope with the symptoms of the disorder.

Prognosis

In adults, many of the symptoms diminish over time. Although it has been suggested that a similar diminishing of symptoms occurs in children as well, it appears more likely that most do not overcome their deficits, but instead simply learn to adjust.^[5]

References

^ synd/2267 at Who Named It?
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Vallar G (July 2007). "Spatial neglect, Balint-Homes' and Gerstmann's syndrome, and other spatial disorders". CNS Spectr. 12 (7): 527–36. PMID 17603404.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Carota A, Di Pietro M, Ptak R, Poglia D, Schnider A (2004). "Defective spatial imagery with pure Gerstmann's syndrome". Eur. Neurol. 52 (1): 1–6. PMID 15218337. doi:10.1159/000079251.
^ Miller CJ, Hynd GW (April 2004). "What ever happened to developmental Gerstmann's syndrome? Links to other pediatric, genetic, and neurodevelopmental syndromes". J. Child Neurol. 19 (4): 282–9. PMID 15163095. doi:10.1177/088307380401900408.
^ http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/gerstmanns/gerstmanns.htm#What_is_the_prognosis

UpToDate Contents

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1. 後方循環系の脳血管症候群 posterior circulation cerebrovascular syndromes
2. 同名半盲 homonymous hemianopia
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4. 脊髄小脳変性症 the spinocerebellar ataxias
5. クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病 creutzfeldt jakob disease

English Journal

Molecular dynamics studies on 3D structures of the hydrophobic region PrP(109-136).

Zhang J, Zhang Y.SourceGraduate School of Sciences, Information Technology and Engineering, CIAO, The University of Ballarat, MT Helen Campus, Victoria 3353, Australia.
Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica.Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai).2013 Apr 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Prion diseases, traditionally referred to as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, are invariably fatal and highly infectious neurodegenerative diseases that affect a wide variety of mammalian species, manifesting as scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (or 'mad-cow' disease) in c
PMID 23563221

Burial of the polymorphic residue 129 in amyloid fibrils of prion stop mutants.

Skora L, Fonseca-Ornelas L, Hofele RV, Riedel D, Giller K, Watzlawik J, Schulz-Schaeffer WJ, Urlaub H, Becker S, Zweckstetter M.SourceMax Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
The Journal of biological chemistry.J Biol Chem.2013 Feb 1;288(5):2994-3002. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M112.423715. Epub 2012 Dec 3.
Misfolding of the natively α-helical prion protein into a β-sheet rich isoform is related to various human diseases such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome. In humans, the disease phenotype is modified by a methionine/valine polymorphism at codon 129 of the p
PMID 23209282

Japanese Journal

把持困難を特徴とした道具の使用障害例に対するアプローチ

石川哲也,野々垣学
作業療法 = Japanese occupationai therapy researh : JOTR 31(3), 290-296, 2012-06
NAID 40019314084

ゲルストマン症候群を心的イメージの操作障害と捉えた作業療法

山田裕子,外里冨佐江,酒井保治郎
作業療法 = The Journal of Japanese Occupational Therapy Association 29(3), 352-362, 2010-06-15
NAID 10026407503

「ゲルストマン症候群」

Gerstmann syndrome
	Principal fissures and lobes of the cerebrum viewed laterally. (Parietal lobe is shown in yellow)
Classification and external resources
Specialty	psychiatry
ICD-10	F81.2
ICD-9-CM	784.69
DiseasesDB	30728
MeSH	D005862
	[edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: Gerstmann's syndrome, Gerstmann syndrome
同: Gerstmann症候群、頭頂葉症候群 parietal lobe syndrome
関: 角回症候群、優位半球

概念

優位半球、頭頂葉・後頭葉病変(角回領域)による症状