Fulica

　

WordNet

1. coots (同)genus Fulica

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/16 20:46:04」(JST)

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For other uses, see Coot (disambiguation).

Coots
Eurasian Coot
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Gruiformes
Family:	Rallidae
Genus:	Fulica Linnaeus, 1758
Species
Fulica cristata Fulica atra Fulica alai Fulica americana Fulica caribaea Fulica leucoptera Fulica ardesiaca Fulica armillata Fulica rufifrons Fulica gigantea Fulica cornuta Fulica newtoni (extinct) For prehistoric species, see article text

Coots are medium-sized water birds that are members of the rail family Rallidae. They constitute the genus Fulica. Coots have predominantly black plumage, and—unlike many rails—they are usually easy to see, often swimming in open water. They are close relatives of the moorhen.

The greatest species variety occurs in South America, and the genus likely originated there. They are common in Europe and North America.^{[citation needed]}

They have prominent frontal shields or other decoration on the forehead, and coloured bills, and many, but not all, have white on the under tail. Like other rails, they have lobed toes. The featherless shield gave rise to the expression "as bald as a coot," which the Oxford English Dictionary cites in use as early as 1430. A group of coots may be referred to as a covert or cover.

They tend to have short, rounded wings and are weak fliers, though northern species nevertheless can cover long distances—the American Coot has reached Britain and Ireland on rare occasions. Coot species that migrate do so at night. Coots can walk and run vigorously on strong legs, and have long toes that are well adapted to soft, uneven surfaces.

These birds are omnivorous, eating mainly plant material, but also small animals and eggs. They are aggressively territorial during the breeding season, but are otherwise often found in sizeable flocks on the shallow vegetated lakes they prefer.

At least some Coots have difficulty feeding a large family of fledglings on the tiny shrimp and insects that they collect. So after about three days they start attacking their own chicks when they beg for food. After a short while, these attacks concentrate on the weaker chicks, who eventually give up begging and die. The coot may eventually raise only two or three out of nine fledglings.

Species in taxonomic order

• Fulica cristata Gmelin, 1789 - Red-knobbed Coot (Africa, Iberian Peninsula)
• Fulica atra Linnaeus, 1758 - Eurasian Coot or Common Coot
• Fulica alai Peale, 1848 - Hawaiian Coot or ʻAlae keʻokeʻo
• Fulica americana Gmelin, 1789 - American Coot
• Fulica caribaea Ridgway, 1884 - Caribbean Coot
• Fulica leucoptera Vieillot, 1817 - White-winged Coot (Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Falkland Islands, Paraguay, Uruguay)
• Fulica ardesiaca Tschudi, 1843 - Andean Coot (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru)
• Fulica armillata Vieillot, 1817 - Red-gartered Coot (Argentina, southern Brazil,Chile, Paraguay, Uruguay)
• Fulica rufifrons Philppi & Landbeck, 1861 - Red-fronted Coot (Argentina, southern Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, southern Peru, Uruguay)
• Fulica gigantea Eydoux & Souleyet, 1841 - Giant Coot (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Peru)
• Fulica cornuta Bonaparte, 1853 - Horned Coot (Argentina, Bolivia, Chile)
• Fulica newtoni Milne-Edwards, 1867 - Mascarene Coot (extinct, c.1700)
• Fulica chathamensis - Chatham Coot (prehistoric)
• Fulica prisca Hamilton, 1893 - New Zealand Coot (prehistoric)
• Fulica infelix Brodkorb, 1961 (fossil: Early Pliocene of Juntura, Malheur County, Oregon, USA)
• Fulica shufeldti (fossil: Pleistocene of North America) - possibly a subspecies of Fulica americana; formerly F. minor

Photo gallery

• drinking in Pasadena, TX.

• Coot chick, Battersea Park, London

• A coot nest in the middle of a canal. The male coot protects the female coot while breeding.

• Nesting at Walthamstow Marshes

• Running on the surface of the water

• A female Eurasian coot leads her two young to the pond: WWT, Barnes, London

• A European coot swims along.

• Coot young

• fight in Hyderabad, India.

• Immature in Hyderabad, India.

• legs in Hyderabad, India.

• Adult feeding juvenile in Hyderabad, India.

• Swimming on Lake Taupo

• Standing on a submerged boom, Paddington Canal Basin, London

• Coots nesting on the rudder of a moored sailing barge, Little Venice, London

• Young coots on nest showing lobed feet, Little Venice, London

• Coots at the Kern National Wildlife Refuge, California, United States

• Coot in unusually clear still water showing foot structure; Little Venice, London

• Coot in unusually clear still water showing foot structure; Little Venice, London

References

• Rails by Taylor and van Perlo, ISBN 90-74345-20-4

External links

• Coot videos on the Internet Bird Collection

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Fulica or Rallidae

English Journal

• Complete mitochondrial genome of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica (Mollusca: Achatinidae): a novel location of putative control regions (CR) in the mitogenome within Pulmonate species.

• He ZP1, Dai XB1, Zhang S1, Zhi TT1, Lun ZR1, Wu ZD2, Yang TB1.
• Mitochondrial DNA.Mitochondrial DNA.2016 Mar;27(2):1084-5. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2014.930833. Epub 2014 Jun 30.
• The whole sequence (15,057 bp) of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the terrestrial snail Achatina fulica (order Stylommatophora) was determined. The mitogenome, as the typical metazoan mtDNA, contains 13 protein-coding genes (PCG), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA) and 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNA). The
• PMID 24975387

• Integrative taxonomy of European parasitic flatworms of the genus Metorchis Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Opisthorchiidae).

• Sitko J1, Bizos J2, Sherrard-Smith E3, Stanton DW4, Komorová P5, Heneberg P6.
• Parasitology international.Parasitol Int.2016 Jan 18;65(3):258-267. doi: 10.1016/j.parint.2016.01.011. [Epub ahead of print]
• Metorchis spp. are flukes (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) that infect vertebrates, including humans, dogs, cats, poultry and wild game, with cyprinid freshwater fish serving as typical second intermediate hosts. In their definitive hosts, the Metorchis spp. are difficult to identify to species. We provid
• PMID 26794684

• Levels of infection with the lungworm Angiostrongylus cantonensis in terrestrial snails from Thailand, with Cryptozona siamensis as a new intermediate host.

• Vitta A1, Polsut W1, Fukruksa C1, Yimthin T1, Thanwisai A1, Dekumyoy P2.
• Journal of helminthology.J Helminthol.2016 Jan 15:1-5. [Epub ahead of print]
• Angiostrongylus cantonensis is primarily considered an emerging infectious agent of eosinophilic meningitis or meningoencephalitis with a worldwide distribution. Rodents and snails are important invasive hosts for transmission and expansion of A. cantonensis. The objective of this study was to inves
• PMID 26767419

Japanese Journal

• オオバン<i>Fulica atra</i>の育雛期における親鳥の食物内容と雛に対する給餌内容の特徴

• 日本鳥学会誌 64(2), 237-241, 2015
• NAID 130005129925

• 新たな池の造成が秋冬期のチュウヒの狩り行動におよぼす影響

• Bird Research 11(0), A21-A30, 2015
• NAID 130005105065

• 船の接近が琵琶湖で越冬する水鳥に与える影響の種群ごとの違い

• 野生生物保護 : Wildlife conservation Japan 14(1・2), 15-29, 2013-07-01
• NAID 110009634867

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