出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/11/23 12:45:49」(JST)
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Cursive script 'f' and capital 'F'
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F (named ef[1] /ˈɛf/)[2] is the sixth letter in the ISO basic Latin alphabet.
Proto-Semitic W |
Phoenician waw |
Etruscan V or W |
Greek Digamma |
Roman F |
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The origin of 'F' is the Semitic letter vâv (or waw) that represented a sound like /v/ or /w/. Graphically it originally probably depicted either a hook or a club. It may have been based on a comparable Egyptian hieroglyph such as that which represented the word mace (transliterated as ḥ(dj)):-
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The Phoenician form of the letter was adopted into Greek as a vowel, upsilon (which resembled its descendant, 'Y' but was also ancestor to Roman letters 'U', 'V', and 'W'); and with another form, as a consonant, digamma, which resembled 'F', but indicated the pronunciation /w/, as in Phoenician. (After /w/ disappeared from Greek, digamma was used as a numeral only.)
In Etruscan, 'F' probably represented /w/, as in Greek; and the Etruscans formed the digraph 'FH' to represent /f/. When the Romans adopted the alphabet, they used 'V' (from Greek upsilon) to stand for /w/ as well as /u/, leaving 'F' available for /f/. (At that time, the Greek letter phi 'Φ' represented an aspirated voiceless bilabial plosive /pʰ/, though in Modern Greek it approximates the sound of /f/.) And so out of the various vav variants in the Mediterranean world, the letter F entered the Roman alphabet attached to a sound which its antecedents in Greek and Etruscan did not have. The Roman alphabet forms the basis of the alphabet used today for English and many other languages.
The lowercase ' f ' is not related to the visually similar long s, ' ſ ' (or medial s). The use of the long s largely died out by the beginning of the 19th century, mostly to prevent confusion with ' f ' when using a short mid-bar (see more at: S).
In English orthography 'f' is used to represent the sound /f/. In the orthographies of other languages, 'f' commonly represents /f/, [ɸ] or /v/.
In French orthography, "f' is used to represent /f/. It may also be silent at the end of words.
In Spanish orthography, 'f' is used to represent /f/.
In the Hepburn romanization of Japanese, 'f' is used to represent [ɸ], which is usually considered to be an allophone of /h/ before /u/.
In phonetic and phonemic transcription, the International Phonetic Alphabet uses 'f' to represent the voiceless labiodental fricative.
Character | F | f | ||
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Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER F | LATIN SMALL LETTER F | ||
Encodings | decimal | hex | decimal | hex |
Unicode | 70 | U+0046 | 102 | U+0066 |
UTF-8 | 70 | 46 | 102 | 66 |
Numeric character reference | F | F | f | f |
EBCDIC family | 198 | C6 | 134 | 86 |
ASCII 1 | 70 | 46 | 102 | 66 |
NATO phonetic | Morse code |
Foxtrot | ··– |
Signal flag | Flag semaphore | Braille |
The ISO basic Latin alphabet
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Aa | Bb | Cc | Dd | Ee | Ff | Gg | Hh | Ii | Jj | Kk | Ll | Mm | Nn | Oo | Pp | Rr | Ss | Tt | Uu | Vv | Ww | Xx | Yy | Zz | ||
Letter F with diacritics
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Ḟḟ | Ƒƒ | ᵮ | ᶂ | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Related
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拡張検索 | 「F. nucleatum」「F. tularensis」 |
関連記事 | 「F」 |
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