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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/01 12:22:18」(JST)
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
|---|---|
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N-Ethyl-3-hydroxy-N,N-dimethylbenzenaminium
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| Clinical data | |
| Trade names | Tensilon |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | FDA Professional Drug Information |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Registry Number | 116-38-1 Y |
| ATC code | None |
| PubChem | CID: 8307 |
| DrugBank | DB01010 Y |
| ChemSpider | 8006 Y |
| UNII | QO611KSM5P Y |
| KEGG | D00994 Y |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:4759 Y |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1128 Y |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C10H16NO+ |
| Molecular mass | 166.24 g/mol |
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SMILES
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InChI
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| Y (what is this?) (verify) | |
Edrophonium is a readily reversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. It prevents breakdown of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine and acts by competitively inhibiting the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, mainly at the neuromuscular junction. It is sold under the trade names Tensilon and Enlon (according to FDA Orange Book).
Contents
- 1 Clinical uses
- 2 Chemistry
- 3 Pharmacokinetics
- 4 Sources
- 5 Reference
Clinical uses
Edrophonium (by the so-called Tensilon test) is used to differentiate myasthenia gravis from cholinergic crisis and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. In myasthenia gravis, the body produces autoantibodies which block, inhibit or destroy nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the neuromuscular junction. Edrophonium—an effective acetylcholinesterase inhibitor—will reduce the muscle weakness by blocking the enzymatic effect of acetylcholinesterase enzymes, prolonging the presence of acetylcholine in the synaptic cleft. It binds to a Serine-103 allosteric site, while pyridostigmine and neostigmine bind to the AchE active site for their inhibitory effects. In a cholinergic crisis, where a person has too much neuromuscular stimulation, edrophonium will make the muscle weakness worse by inducing a depolarizing block.
Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS), is similar to myasthenia gravis in that it is an autoimmune disease. However, in LEMS the neuron is unable to release enough acetylcholine for normal muscle function due to autoantibodies attacking P/Q-type calcium channel that are necessary for acetylcholine release. This means there is insufficient calcium ion influx into presynaptic terminal resulting in reduced exocytosis of acetylcholine containing vesicles. Consequently, there will typically be not as much increase in muscle strength observed after edrophonium injection, if any with LEMS.
The drug may also be used for postoperative decurarization.[1]
Chemistry
Edrophonium, ethyl-(3-hydroxyphenyl)dimethylammonium chloride, is made by reacting 3-dimethylaminophenol with ethyl bromide, which forms ethyl(3-hydroxyphenyl)dimethylammonium bromide, the bromine atom of which is replaced with a chlorine atom by reacting it with silver chloride, giving edrophonium.
- J.A. Aeschlimann, A. Stempel, U.S. Patent 2,647,924 (1953).
Pharmacokinetics
The drug has a brief duration of action, about 10–30 mins.[1]
Sources
- Brenner, G. M. (2000). Pharmacology. Philadelphia, PA: W. B. Saunders Company. ISBN 0-7216-7757-6
- Canadian Pharmacists Association (2000). Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties (25th ed.). Toronto, ON: Webcom. ISBN 0-919115-76-4
Reference
- ^ a b KD Tripati MD. Essentials of Medical Pharmacology (fifth ed.). Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers(P) Ltd. p. 84. ISBN 81-8061-187-6.
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UpToDate Contents
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- 1. 重症筋無力症の診断 diagnosis of myasthenia gravis
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- 5. 重症筋無力症の治療 treatment of myasthenia gravis
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
| リンク元 | 「エドロホニウム」 |
「エドロホニウム」
- 英
- edrophonium
- 化
- 塩化エドロホニウム edrophonium chloride
- 同
- エドロフォニウム
- 商
- アンチレクス、Enlon, Reverso, Tensilon テンシロン
- 関
- 抗コリンエステラーゼ薬 コリンエステラーゼ阻害薬。コリンエステラーゼ、ネオスチグミン
- 四級アンモニウム塩
- 作用の持続時間はneostigmineに比して短い (SPC.158)
- テンシロンテストに利用される
薬理作用
- 可逆的コリンエステラーゼ阻害薬
- (1)抗コリンエステラーゼ作用、(2)ニコチン性受容体に対するアセチルコリン様の直接刺激作用
- 骨格筋の線維束性攣縮を示す