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small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/04 19:04:39」(JST)

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Enterochromaffin-like cells or ECL cells are a type of neuroendocrine cells found in the gastric glands of the gastric mucosa beneath the epithelium, in particular in the vicinity of parietal cells, that aid in the production of gastric acid via the release of histamine. They are also considered a type of enteroendocrine cell.^[1]

Function

Histamine

ECL cells synthesize and secrete histamine. These cells are stimulated by the hormones gastrin and pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating peptide. G cells are stimulated by vagal stimulation through the neurotransmitter gastrin-releasing peptide; this causes the G cells to secrete gastrin, which in turn stimulates ECL cells to release histamine. Note that this circuit is not activated by acetylcholine, which is of particular importance because the administration of atropine will not block the vagal stimulation of the G cells, as ACh is not the neurotransmitter for these cells.

However, ECL cells are activated directly by ACh on M1 receptors from direct vagal innervation leading to histamine release. This pathway will be inhibited by atropine.^[2]

Gastrin is transferred from a specific type of G cell in the gastric epithelium to the ECL cells by blood. Histamine and gastrin act synergistically as the most important stimulators of hydrochloric acid secretion from parietal cells and stimulators of secretion of pepsinogen from chief cells. The most important inhibitor of the ECL cell is somatostatin from oxyntic D cells.

Enterochromaffin-like cells also produce pancreastatin and probably other peptide hormones and growth factors.

Pathology

A prolonged stimulation of these cells causes their hyperplasia. This is especially important in gastrinoma (the tumors in which there is an excessive secretion of gastrin), as this is one of the factors contributing to Zollinger–Ellison's syndrome. It was once believed that tumors of ECL origin form after a prolonged inhibition of gastric acid secretion, however there is no data to support this conclusion and proton pump inhibitors are not thought to contribute to gastric cancer.

Name

The name is derived from their location in the enteric system and their chromaffin-like staining pattern in histologic sections, which is characterized by silver staining.

References

^ Enterochromaffin-like Cells at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
^ http://jpp.krakow.pl/journal/archive/03_09/pdf/3_03_09_article.pdf

UpToDate Contents

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1. 胃酸分泌の生理学 physiology of gastric acid secretion
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English Journal

A sensitive immunosensor via in situ enzymatically generating efficient quencher for electrochemiluminescence of iridium complexes doped SiO2 nanoparticles.

Liang W1, Zhuo Y2, Xiong C2, Zheng Y2, Chai Y3, Yuan R4.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2017 Aug 15;94:568-574. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.056. Epub 2017 Mar 27.
PMID 28364703

Deletion of Men1 and somatostatin induces hypergastrinemia and gastric carcinoids.

Sundaresan S1, Kang AJ1, Hayes MM1, Choi EK2, Merchant JL1,3.
Gut.Gut.2017 Jun;66(6):1012-1021. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-310928. Epub 2016 Feb 9.
PMID 26860771

Autoimmune gastritis: relationships with anemia and Helicobacter pylori status.

Villanacci V1, Casella G2, Lanzarotto F3, Di Bella C4, Sidoni A5, Cadei M1, Salviato T6, Dore MP7, Bassotti G8.
Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology.Scand J Gastroenterol.2017 Jun - Jul;52(6-7):674-677. doi: 10.1080/00365521.2017.1288758. Epub 2017 Feb 17.
PMID 28276835

Japanese Journal

交流駆動型電気化学発光素子の試作と基本的な電気的特性

川崎拓馬,工藤幸寛,高橋泰樹
工学院大学研究報告 (115), 75-78, 2013-10-30
… The electrogenerated chemiluminescense (ECL) is a luminous phenomenon caused by a chemical reaction betweenoxidized and reduced molecules, and it has been studied since 60years ago. … In this study, fundamental electroopticalcharacteristics of ECL cells were evaluated in order to apply the ECL phenomena to light emitting devices ordisplay devices. … Those characteristics did not depend on cell thickness of the ECL cell. …
NAID 110009624242

交流駆動型電気化学発光素子の試作と基本的な電気的特性

川崎拓馬,工藤幸寛,高橋泰樹
工学院大学研究報告 = Research reports of Kogakuin University (115), 75-78, 2013-10
NAID 40019872174

Comparison of Electrochemical Luminescence Characteristics of Titanium Dioxide Films Prepared by Sputtering and Sol--Gel Combustion Methods

Park Hee-Dae,Sung Youl-Moon,Park Min-Woo,Song Jae-Eun
Jpn J Appl Phys 52(5), 05EC04-05EC04-6, 2013-05-25
… Titanium dioxide (TiO<inf>2</inf>) films were deposited on fluorine-doped tin-oxide (FTO) glass by sputtering and sol--gel combustion (SGC) coating methods and investigated with respect to their electrochemical luminescence (ECL) performance. … The charge transfer resistance (R_{2}) of the SGC (450 °C) TiO<inf>2</inf>-based cell was found to be lower than those of the sputtered TiO<inf>2</inf>-based cells. …
NAID 150000106940

Related Pictures

Electron micrograph ltl_lF i!fof an ECL cell with typical | Download PPT - Physiology Lecture 50 PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID:3292019 A parietal cell-ECL cell axis governs gastric acid secretion. The main The ECL cell and its gastric gland distribution. Within the stomach PPT - Atrophic gastritides PowerPoint Presentation - ID:3391079 A, Linear hyperplasia of the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cells; note Histology and microdissection of ECL-cell carcinoids. (A) Gastric Republished: Gastric neuroendocrine neoplasms and related precursor

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「腸クロム親和性細胞様細胞」「enterochromaffin-like cells」
関連記事	「EC」「ECL」「E」「cell」

「腸クロム親和性細胞様細胞」

Enterochromaffin-like cell
	Control of stomach acid secretions. (ECL-cell at top center.)
Details
Latin	endocrinocytus ECL
Identifiers
MeSH	Enterochromaffin-like+Cells
Code	TH H3.04.02.0.00030
	Anatomical terminology