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Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate or DHEA-S is a metabolite of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA).

Synthesis

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate is produced by the addition of a sulfate group, catalyzed by the sulfotransferase enzymes SULT1A1 and SULT1E1, which also produce estrone sulfate from estrone. DHEA sulfate can also be back-converted to DHEA through the action of steroid sulfatase.

In the zona reticularis layer of the adrenal cortex, DHEA-sulfate is generated by SULT2A1.^[1] This layer of the adrenal cortex is thought to be the primary source of serum DHEA-sulfate. DHEA sulfate levels decline as a person ages as the reticularis layer diminishes in size.

Use as biomarker

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels above 1890 micromol/L or 700-800 µg/dL are highly suggestive of adrenal dysfunction because DHEA-S is made exclusively by the adrenal glands.^[2]^[3] Presence of DHEA-S is therefore used to rule out ovarian or testicular origin of excess androgen.

Therapeutic use

The Endocrine Society recommends against the therapeutic use of DHEA sulfate in both healthy women and those with adrenal insufficiency, as their role is not clear from studies performed so far.^[4] The routine use of DHEAS and other androgens is discouraged in the treatment of women with low androgen levels due to hypopituitarism, adrenal insufficiency, menopause due to ovarian surgery, glucocorticoid use, or other conditions associated with low androgen levels; this is because there are limited data supporting improvement in signs and symptoms with therapy and no long-term studies of risk.^[4]

In otherwise elderly women, in whom an age-related fall DHEA sulfate may be associated with menopausal symptoms and reduced libido, DHEA sulfate supplementation cannot currently be said to improve outcomes.^[5]

Reference ranges

Reference ranges for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in females^[6]
Tanner stage and average age		Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
Tanner stage I	>14 days	16	96	µg/dL
Tanner stage II	10.5 years	22	184
Tanner stage III	11.6 years	<15	296
Tanner stage IV	12.3 years	17	343
Tanner stage V	14.5 years	44	332
18–29 years		44	332
30–39 years		31	228
40–49 years		18	244
50–59 years		<15	200
> or =60 years		<15	157

Reference ranges for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in males^[6]
Tanner stage and average age		Lower limit	Upper limit	Unit
Tanner stage I	>14 days	<15	120	µg/dL
Tanner stage II	11.5 years	<15	333
Tanner stage III	13.6 years	<15	312
Tanner stage IV	15.1 years	29	412
Tanner stage V	18.0 years	89	457
18–29 years		89	457
30–39 years		65	334
40–49 years		48	244
50–59 years		35	179
> or =60 years		25	131

References

^ Rainey WE, Nakamura Y (February 2008). "Regulation of the adrenal androgen biosynthesis". J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol. 108 (3-5): 281–6. doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.09.015. PMC 2699571. PMID 17945481.
^ Somani N, Harrison S, Bergfeld WF (2008). "The clinical evaluation of hirsutism". Dermatologic therapy 21 (5): 376–91. doi:10.1111/j.1529-8019.2008.00219.x. PMID 18844715.
^ "Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Workup". eMedicine. 25 October 2011. Retrieved 19 November 2011.
^ ^a ^b Wierman, Margaret E.; Arlt, Wiebke; Basson, Rosemary; Davis, Susan R.; Miller, Karen K.; Murad, Mohammad H.; Rosner, William; Santoro, Nanette. "Androgen Therapy in Women: A Reappraisal: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99 (10): 3489–3510. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2260. PMID 25279570.
^ Elraiyah, Tarig; Sonbol, Mohamad Bassam; Wang, Zhen; Khairalseed, Tagwa; Asi, Noor; Undavalli, Chaitanya; Nabhan, Mohammad; Altayar, Osama; Prokop, Larry; Montori, Victor M.; Murad, Mohammad Hassan. "The Benefits and Harms of Systemic Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in Postmenopausal Women With Normal Adrenal Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 99 (10): 3536–3542. doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2261. PMID 25279571.
^ ^a ^b Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate (DHEA-S), Serum at Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research. Retrieved July 2012

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

A simplified and accurate method for the analysis of urinary metabolites of testosterone-related steroids using gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

Ouellet A, Leberre N, Ayotte C.SourceLaboratoire de contrôle du dopage, INRS - Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, Canada, H7V 1B7.
Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom.2013 Aug 15;27(15):1739-50. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6620.
RATIONALE: The analysis of urinary metabolites of testosterone-related steroids through the measurement of their carbon isotopic signature (δ(13) C) by gas chromatography/combustion/mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS) is a confirmation method employed in doping control analyses. Stringent analytical cond
PMID 23821567

PON1-108 TT and PON1-192 RR genotypes are more frequently encountered in Greek PCOS than non-PCOS women, and are associated with hyperandrogenaemia.

Paltoglou G, Tavernarakis G, Christopoulos P, Vlassi M, Gazouli M, Deligeoroglou E, Creatsas G, Mastorakos G.Source2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Aretaieion University Hospital, Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
Clinical endocrinology.Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).2013 Aug;79(2):259-66. doi: 10.1111/cen.12139. Epub 2013 May 11.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the frequencies of three paraoxonase (PON)1 polymorphisms in Greek polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and non-PCOS women, and their genotypes association with hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance.DESIGN: Case-control genetic association study.SETTING: University Hospital
PMID 23278234

Inhibitory effects of sigma-1 ligands on handling-induced tachycardia in conscious tethered rats.

Delaunois A, De Ron P, Detrait E, Guyaux M.SourceDepartment of Non Clinical Development, Non Clinical Safety, UCB Pharma SA, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium Department of CNS Research, Cognition Pharmacology, UCB Pharma SA, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium.
Fundamental & clinical pharmacology.Fundam Clin Pharmacol.2013 Aug;27(4):354-63. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2012.01042.x. Epub 2012 Apr 5.
We used conscious tethered Sprague-Dawley rats to evaluate the cardiovascular effects of four sigma-1 (σ1 ) agonists and five antagonists, given alone or in combination. All drugs were administered as a single intraperitoneal dose. The agonists were given at doses reported as efficacious in rodent
PMID 22486521

Japanese Journal

Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin decoction suppresses osteoclastogenesis via increasing dehydroepiandrosterone to prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis

BioScience Trends 9(3), 169-181, 2015
NAID 130005087786

人工心肺を用いた開胸術によるステロイドホルモンの血中動態

体外循環技術 42(1), 14-18, 2015
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A case of Cushing's syndrome due to bilateral cortisol-secreting adenomas with unilateral DHEAS oversecretion

Endocrine Journal 62(3), 283-288, 2015
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★リンクテーブル★

国試過去問	「100G050」「099D053」「099E060」
リンク元	「頚管熟化」「硫酸デヒドロエピアンドロステロン」
関連記事	「DHEA」「DHE」

「100G050」

Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate
	IUPAC name [(3S,8R,9S,10R,13S,14S)-10,13-Dimethyl-17-oxo-1,2,3,4,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16-dodecahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl] hydrogen sulfate
	Other names Prasterone sulfate
Identifiers
Abbreviations	DHEAS
CAS number	651-48-9
PubChem	12594
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES C[C@]12CC[C@H]3[C@H]([C@@H]1CCC2=O) CC=C4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4)OS(=O)(=O)O)C ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C19H28O5S
Molar mass	368.49 g/mol
	Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references