同: decay-accelerating factor

WordNet

the 4th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)d

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉〈C〉(…の)(量・額などの)不足,欠乏《+『of』(『in』)+『名』》 / 〈C〉不足分,不足量,不足額 / 〈C〉(精神・肉体などの)欠陥
deuteriumの化学記号

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1. 補体系の遺伝性疾患 inherited disorders of the complement system
2. 発作性夜間血色素尿症の病因 pathogenesis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
3. 発作性夜間血色素尿症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

English Journal

Effects of three intense sweeteners on fat storage in the C. elegans model.

Zheng J1, Greenway FL2, Heymsfield SB2, Johnson WD2, King JF3, King MJ3, Gao C4, Chu YF5, Finley JW4.Author information 1Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States; Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States. Electronic address: zhengz@lsu.edu.2Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, United States.3Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.4Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.5PepsiCo Global R&D, Barrington, IL 60010, United States.AbstractBeverages sweetened with caloric sweeteners (CS), glucose, sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup, are associated with weight gain. Beverages sweetened with intense sweeteners (IS) are marketed as low-calorie substitutes to prevent beverages-associated weight gain. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, the effects on intestinal fat deposition (IFD) and pharyngeal pumping rate (PPR) of cola beverages sweetened with glucose, aspartame, or aspartame plus acesulfame-potassium (AceK) were compared. Control groups received Escherichia coli (OP50) only. Study I: the nematodes received additional glucose- or IS-sweetened beverages. Study II: the nematodes received additional glucose, aspartame, or aspartame plus AceK (AAK). Beverages containing CS or IS (aspartame or AAK) did not alter IFD in wild type (N2) or in daf-16 deficiency. The CS cola increased IFD in sir-2.1 deficiency (P<0.05). The AAK-cola increased IFD in daf-16/daf-2 deficiency and sir-2.1 deficiency (P<0.05). Glucose increased IFD in N2 and daf-16 deficiency (P<0.05). Aspartame showed a tendency towards reduced IFD in N2 and decreased IFD in daf-16/daf-2 deficiency (P<0.05). AAK increased IFD in daf-16 deficiency and sir-2.1 deficiency (P<0.05), and reversed the aspartame-induced reduction in IFD. The aspartame-sweetened cola increased the PPR in daf-16/daf-2 deficiency and daf-16 deficiency (P<0.05); similar results were obtained in N2 with both IS (P<0.05). AAK increased the PPR in daf-16/daf-2, daf-16, and sir-2.1 deficiencies (P<0.05). Thus, IS increased the PPR, a surrogate marker of lifespan. Aspartame may have an independent effect in reducing IFD to assist humans desiring weight loss. AceK may increase IFD in presence of insulin resistance.
Chemico-biological interactions.Chem Biol Interact.2014 Mar 13;215C:1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cbi.2014.02.016. [Epub ahead of print]
Beverages sweetened with caloric sweeteners (CS), glucose, sucrose or high-fructose corn syrup, are associated with weight gain. Beverages sweetened with intense sweeteners (IS) are marketed as low-calorie substitutes to prevent beverages-associated weight gain. Using Caenorhabditis elegans, the eff
PMID 24632416

Endothelial Dysfunction and Enhanced Contractility in Microvessels From Ovariectomized Rats: Roles of Oxidative Stress and Perivascular Adipose Tissue.

Wang D1, Wang C, Wu X, Zheng W, Sandberg K, Ji H, Welch WJ, Wilcox CS.Author information 1Hypertension, Kidney and Vascular Research Center and Center for the Study of Sex Differences in Health, Aging and Disease, Georgetown University, Washington, DC; and Department of Nephrology, The Third Hospital at Sun Yat-sen Universiy, Guangzhou, P.R. China.AbstractOvarian hormone loss increases reactive oxidative species, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates endothelial function, we hypothesized that reactive oxidative species in PVAT mediate adverse microvascular effects of ovarian hormone deficiency. Rats were ovariectomized or sham operated and given vehicle or tempol for 6 weeks. Mesenteric resistance arterioles from ovariectomized compared with sham-operated rats had dysfunctional responses to acetylcholine (ACh) including decreased ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (50±6% versus 72±2%) and endothelium-dependent relaxation factor (17±4% versus 37±2%) and increased endothelium-dependent contracting factor (27±5% versus 9±3%). OVX rat mesenteric arterioles had increased contractions to the thromboxane/prostanoid receptor agonist U-46 619 (58±3% versus 40±5%) and increased reactive oxidative species (tempo-9-AC fluorescence) with U-46 619 (0.65±0.17 versus 0.14±0.06 Δ unit) or ACh (0.49±0.09 versus 0.09±0.05 Δ unit) and increased p22phox protein expression (0.89±0.05 versus 0.18±0.04 Δ unit), whereas nitric oxide activity (DAF-FM [4-amino-5-methylamino-2',7'-difluorofluorescein diacetate] fluorescence) with ACh was reduced (0.39±0.1 versus 0.70±0.10 Δ unit). No differences were found in endothelium-dependent hyperpolarizing factor or contractile responses to phenylephrine. PVAT enhanced ACh-induced relaxation, endothelium-dependent relaxation factor, and nitric oxide only in sham-operated rats. Tempol prevented ovariectomy-induced endothelial dysfunction and restored the enhancing effects of PVAT on ACh-induced relaxation, endothelium-dependent relaxation factor, and nitric oxide in ovariectomized rat vessels, but both tempol and PVAT were required to normalize the enhanced U-46 619 contractions after ovariectomy. In conclusion, ovariectomy redirects endothelial responses from relaxation to contraction by reducing vascular nitric oxide, augmenting thromboxane/prostanoid receptor signaling, and attenuating the vasodilatory effects of PVAT, all of which were dependent on reactive oxidative species.
Hypertension.Hypertension.2014 Mar 3. [Epub ahead of print]
Ovarian hormone loss increases reactive oxidative species, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiovascular disease. Because perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates endothelial function, we hypothesized that reactive oxidative species in PVAT mediate adverse microvascular effects of ovarian hormone
PMID 24591333

In vivo metabolic flux profiling with stable isotopes discriminates sites and quantifies effects of mitochondrial dysfunction in C. elegans.

Schrier Vergano S1, Rao M2, McCormack S3, Ostrovsky J2, Clarke C4, Preston J2, Bennett MJ5, Yudkoff M6, Xiao R7, Falk MJ8.Author information 1Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Metabolic Disease, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters, Division of Medical Genetics and Metabolism, Norfolk, VA, USA.2Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.3Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.4Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Metabolic Disease, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.5Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.6Division of Metabolic Disease, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.7Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.8Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Division of Metabolic Disease, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Electronic address: falkm@email.chop.edu.AbstractMitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disease diagnosis is complicated both by an absence of biomarkers that sufficiently divulge all cases and limited capacity to quantify adverse effects across intermediary metabolism. We applied high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (MS) studies of stable-isotope based precursor-product relationships in the nematode, C. elegans, to interrogate in vivo differences in metabolic flux among distinct genetic models of primary RC defects and closely related metabolic disorders.
Molecular genetics and metabolism.Mol Genet Metab.2014 Mar;111(3):331-41. doi: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2013.12.011. Epub 2013 Dec 27.
Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disease diagnosis is complicated both by an absence of biomarkers that sufficiently divulge all cases and limited capacity to quantify adverse effects across intermediary metabolism. We applied high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry (
PMID 24445252

Japanese Journal

Temporary Application of Nitrate to Nitrogen-Deficient Soybean Plants at the Mid-to Late-Stages of Seed Development Increased the Accumulation of the β-Subunit of β-Conglycinin, a Major Seed Storage Protein

Ohtake Norikuni,Kawachi Tahei,Sato Akiyo,Okuyama Ikuko,Fujikake Hiroyuki,Sueyoshi Kuni,Ohyama Takuji
Soil science and plant nutrition 47(1), 195-203, 2001
… When non-nodulating soybean mutants (T201) were hydroponically cultivated under N-sufficient conditions (supply of 5 mM NaNO_3 to the medium), β-subunit accumulation was first detected at 30 d after flowering (DAF). … When 5 mM ^<15>N-labeled NO_3^-was supplied for 1 week to N-deficient T201 plants before 28 DAF, the β-subunit protein did not accumulate, but the application of 5 mM NO_3^-after 28 DAF, led to a substantial accumulation of the β-subunit. …
NAID 110001718618