クリプト藻類
- 関
- Cryptomonads、Cryptophyta
WordNet
- a phylum in the kingdom Protoctista (同)phylum Cryptophyta
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/01/06 19:14:07」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Cryptomonas |
| Scientific classification (incertae sedis within Archaeplastida) |
| Domain: |
Eukaryota |
| Division: |
Cryptophyta |
| Class: |
Cryptophyceae |
| Order: |
Cryptomonadales |
| Family: |
Cryptomonadaceae |
| Genus: |
Cryptomonas
Ehrenberg (1832) |
| Species |
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See text
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Cryptomonas is the name-giving genus of the cryptomonads. It is common in freshwater habitats and often forms blooms in greater depths of lakes, or during winter beneath the ice. The cells are usually brownish in color, and have a slit-like furrow at the anterior. They are not known to produce any toxins and are used to feed small zooplankton, which is the food source for small fish in fish farming. In fact, the zooplankton, Ceriodaphnia quadrangula, feeds specifically on Cryptomonas erosa and nothing else.[1] Many species of Crytomonas can only be identified by their molecular signatures.[2] Cryptomonas can be found in several marine ecosystems in Australia.
Cryptomonas is a dimorphic genus, meaning it could be either protozoan (Cryptomondida) or alga (Cryptophyceae).[2] Currently there are 26 species of Cryptomonas.[3]
Contents
- 1 Species
- 2 Genome structure
- 3 Cell Structure, metabolism, and life cycle
- 4 Ecology
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Species
- Cryptomonas ampulla Playfair
- Cryptomonas anomala F.E.Fritsch, 1914
- Cryptomonas appendiculata Schiller, 1957
- Cryptomonas baltica (G.Karsten) Butcher, 1967
- Cryptomonas borealis Skuja, 1956
- Cryptomonas brevis J.Schiller
- Cryptomonas commutata (Pascher) Hoef-Emden, 2007
- Cryptomonas compressa Pascher, 1913
- Cryptomonas croatanica P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Cryptomonas curvata Ehrenberg, 1831
- Cryptomonas cylindracea Skuja, 1956
- Cryptomonas czosnowskii Kisselev
- Cryptomonas erosa Ehrenberg, 1832
- Cryptomonas gemma Playfair
- Cryptomonas gracilis Skuja
- Cryptomonas gyropyrenoidosa Hoef-Emden & Melkonian, 2003
- Cryptomonas marssonii Skuja, 1948
- Cryptomonas maxima Playfair
- Cryptomonas mikrokuamosa R.E.Norris, 1964
- Cryptomonas nasuta Pascher
- Cryptomonas oblonga Playfair
- Cryptomonas obovata Czosnowski, 1948
- Cryptomonas obovoidea Pascher, 1913
- Cryptomonas ovata Ehrenberg, 1832
- Cryptomonas paramaecium (Ehrenberg) Hoef-Emden & Melkonian, 2003
- Cryptomonas parapyrenoidifera Skuja
- Cryptomonas pelagica H.Lohmann
- Cryptomonas phaseolus Skuja, 1948
- Cryptomonas platyuris Skuja, 1948
- Cryptomonas profunda R.W.Butcher, 1967
- Cryptomonas prora W.Conrad & H.Kufferath
- Cryptomonas pyrenoidifera Geitler, 1922
- Cryptomonas rhynchophora (W.Conrad) Butcher
- Cryptomonas richei F.E.Fritsch, 1914
- Cryptomonas rostrata Skuja, 1948
- Cryptomonas splendida J.Czosnowski
- Cryptomonas tenuis Pascher
- Cryptomonas testacea P.H.Campbell, 1973
- Cryptomonas tetrapyrenoidosa Skuja, 1948
Genome structure
This genus was originally separated into three different genera (Cryptomonas, Campylomonas, and Chilomonas), but after further investigation Campylomonas and Chilomonas were reclassified as a dimorphism under Cryptomonas. Species within Cryptomonas contain four genomes: the nucleus, the nucleomorph, the plastid, and mitochondrial genomes. The plastid genome contains 118 kilobase pairs and is a result of a phage from red alga, which is why Cryptomonas often has a red coloring.[1]
Cell Structure, metabolism, and life cycle
Cryptomonas cells are fairly larger than others; they average about 40 um in size and often take the shape of an oval or ovoid. They have two flagella that are fixed to the cell by four unique microtubular roots. In addition, the flagella are lined with hairs that allow for better movement. Cryptomonas are also photolithotrophs that contribute to oxygenic carbon fixation making them greatly influential to the carbon levels of fresh water environments. They rely on inorganic compounds such as water in order to perform photosynthesis. Replication of Cryptomonas occurs in early summer when fresh water species are also reproducing. Cryptomonas replicates via mitosis that only takes about ten minutes.[1]
Ecology
Cryptomonas function like Diatoms; they are large, grow slowly, and are limited in nutrients. It also migrates between layers of water in order to reach depths that are ideal for photosynthesis and bacteriograzing, as well avoiding organisms that feed on phytoplankton.[1] Typically they are found at depths of 0 to 102 meters and in a temperature range of -1.4 to 1.5 degrees Celsius.[4] Cryptomonas seem to grow and survive with little competition.[1]
Some sources recommend merging Campylomonas and Chilomonas into Cryptomonas.[5][6]
References
- ^ a b c d e https://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Cryptomonas
- ^ a b http://tolweb.org/Cryptomonas/97214
- ^ http://bie.ala.org.au/species/urn:lsid:catalogueoflife.org:taxon:d7938030-29c1-102b-9a4a-00304854f820:col20120124#tab_classification
- ^ http://eol.org/pages/12208/details
- ^ Hoef-Emden K, Melkonian M (October 2003). "Revision of the genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae): a combination of molecular phylogeny and morphology provides insights into a long-hidden dimorphism". Protist. 154 (3-4): 371–409. doi:10.1078/143446103322454130. PMID 14658496.
- ^ Hoef-Emden K (2005) Multiple independent losses of photosynthesis and differing evolutionary rates in the genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae): Combined phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the nuclear and the nucleomorph ribosomal operons. Journal of Molecular Evolution 60: 183-195. Abstract
External links
- Tree of Life: Cryptomonas
- Crytomonas at World Register of Marine Spacies (WoRMS)
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Eukaryota: Hacrobia
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- Domain
- Archaea
- Bacteria
- Eukaryota
- (Supergroup
- Plant
- Hacrobia
- Heterokont
- Alveolata
- Rhizaria
- Excavata
- Amoebozoa
- Opisthokonta
- Animal
- Fungi)
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| Cryptista |
| Corbihelia |
| Endohelea |
- Microhelida
- Heliomonadida
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| Picomonadea |
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| Telonemea |
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| Cryptophyta |
| Palpitea |
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| Katablepharidea |
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| Goniomonadea |
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| Cryptophyceae |
| Tetragonidiales |
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| Cryptomonadales |
| Cryptomonadaceae |
- GPTgc (Plagioselmis)
- other (Cryptomonas/Chilomonas/Goniomonas)
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| Hemiselmidaceae |
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| Pyrenomonadales |
| Chroomonadaceae |
- CKHgc (Chroomonas, Komma)
- other (Falcomonas)
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| Geminigeraceae |
- GHgc (Guillardia, Hanusia)
- GPTgc (Geminigera, Teleaulax)
- other (Proteomonas)
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| Pyrenomonadaceae |
- RRSgc (Pyrenomonas, Rhinomonas, Rhodomonas, Storeatula)
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| Haptista |
| Centroheliozoa |
| Centrohelea |
- Pterocystida
- Choanocystidae
- Oxnerellidae
- Heterophryidae
- Pterocystidae
- Acanthocystida
- Marophryidae
- Raphidiophryidae
- Acanthocystidae
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| Haptophyta |
| Rappephyceae |
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| Pavlovophyceae |
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| Prymnesiophyceae |
- Coccolithales (Pleurochrysis, Coccolithus)
- Prymnesiales (Chrysochromulina, Prymnesium)
- Isochrysidales (Chrysotila, Dicrateria, Emiliania, Gephyrocapsa, Isochrysis)
- See also: coccolithophores
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English Journal
- Response of activated sludge to the treatment of oxytetracycline production waste stream.
- Liu M, Zhang Y, Ding R, Gao Y, Yang M.SourceState Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing, 100085, China.
- Applied microbiology and biotechnology.Appl Microbiol Biotechnol.2013 Oct;97(19):8805-12. doi: 10.1007/s00253-012-4589-8. Epub 2012 Nov 28.
- To investigate how the microbial community in activated sludge responded to high antibiotic levels, a bench-scale aerobic wastewater treatment system was used to treat oxytetracycline (OTC) mother liquor (OTC-ML). Removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand decreased from 64.9 to 51.0 % when the O
- PMID 23188460
- Microbial and chemical profile of a ponds system for the treatment of landfill leachate.
- Fernandes H, Viancelli A, Martins CL, Antonio RV, Costa RH.SourceDepartment of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil.
- Waste management (New York, N.Y.).Waste Manag.2013 Oct;33(10):2123-8. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2012.10.024. Epub 2012 Dec 1.
- The present study describes the behavior of spatio-temporal variation of parameters and microbial profile of a pilot stabilization ponds system, consisted of three serial ponds, for the treatment of landfill leachate. Bacterial diversity was determined through molecular techniques (FISH, PCR and phy
- PMID 23206517
- The structure of winter phytoplankton in Lake Nero, Russia, a hypertrophic lake dominated by Planktothrix-like Cyanobacteria.
- Babanazarova O, Sidelev S, Schischeleva S.AbstractBACKGROUND: The permanent dominance of Planktothrix-like cyanobacteria has been often reported for shallow eutrophic\hypertrophic lakes in central Europe in summer\autumn. However studies on phytoplankton growth under ice cover in nutrient-rich lakes are very scarce. Lake Nero provides a good example of the contrasting seasonal extremes in environmental conditions. Moreover, the ecosystem underwent a catastrophic transition from eutrophic to hypertrophic 2003--05, with dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria in summer\autumn. Towards the end of the period of ice cover, there is an almost complete lack of light and oxygen but abundance in nutrients, especially ammonium nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus and total phosphorus in lake Nero. The aim of the present study was to describe species composition and abundance of the phytoplankton, in relation to the abiotic properties of the habitat to the end of winters 1999--2010. We were interested if Planktothrix-like cyanobacteria kept their dominant role under the ice conditions or only survived, and how did the under-ice phytoplankton community differ from year to year.
- Aquatic biosystems.Aquat Biosyst.2013 Sep 30;9(1):18. [Epub ahead of print]
- BACKGROUND: The permanent dominance of Planktothrix-like cyanobacteria has been often reported for shallow eutrophic\hypertrophic lakes in central Europe in summer\autumn. However studies on phytoplankton growth under ice cover in nutrient-rich lakes are very scarce. Lake Nero provides a good exampl
- PMID 24079446
Japanese Journal
- 紫外線照射による浄水障害原因藻類の増殖抑制効果及び細胞損傷レベルの観察
- Identification of species and genotypic compositions of Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae) populations in the eutrophic Lake Hira, Japan, using single-cell PCR
- 吉井川河口域で発生するクリプトモナス赤潮とその発生環境
- 岡山県農林水産総合センター水産研究所報告 = Bulletin of the Okayama Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries Research Institute for Fisheries Science (29), 56-60, 2014-11
- NAID 120005865115
Related Links
- Hoef-Emden, K. (2005) Multiple independent losses of photosynthesis and differing evolutionary rates in the genus Cryptomonas (Cryptophyeae): combined phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences of the nuclear and nucleomorph ...
- Images and taxonomic descriptions of Cryptomonas (Cryptophyceae, Mastigophora) ... Cryptomonadales: Cryptomonadaceae Cryptomonadida Cryptomonas Ehrenberg 1832 (Mizuno & Takahashi eds. 2000) Ehrenberg 1838 (John et ...
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クリプト植物門
- 関
- Cryptomonads、Cryptomonas
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クリプト藻類
- 関
- Cryptomonas、Cryptophyta
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- Cryptomonads、Cryptomonas
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