関: 宮入菌

WordNet

spindle-shaped bacterial cell especially one swollen at the center by an endospore (同)clostridia
relating to or producing butyric acid

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/26 13:27:54」(JST)

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Clostridium butyricum is a strictly anaerobic endospore-forming Gram-positive butyric acid producing bacillus subsisting by means of fermentation using an intracellularly accumulated amylopectin-like α-polyglucan (granulose) as a substrate. It is uncommonly reported as a human pathogen and is widely used as a probiotic in Asia (particularly in Japan, Korea and China).^[1] C. butyricum is a soil inhabitant in various parts of the world, has been cultured from the stool of healthy children and adults, and is common in soured milk and cheeses.^[2]

Therapeutic Uses

The first C. butyricum MIYAIRI strain was isolated from the feces of Dr. Chikaji Miyairi in Japan in 1933, and CBM 588 is the 588th MIYAIRI strain, isolated from a soil sample in Nagano, Japan, in 1963. Preparations based on CBM 588 have a long history of safe use in human populations in Asia, especially Japan, where such products are variously classed as pharmaceutical drugs, “quasi drugs”, and OTC (Over The Counter) probiotics. The safe history of CBM 588 in human Asian populations is supported by various peer-reviewed publications and case studies dating back to 1963, including reports of CBM 588 use in severely-ill, immune-compromised and hospitalized patients, whose ages range from infants to elderly people, and include pregnant women.

Its usefulness stems primarily from its ability to interfere with the growth of highly pathogenic Clostridium difficile by antagonizing its multiplication.^[3] It is often used in Japanese hospitals for C. difficile prophylaxis amongst in-patients and, particularly, during administration of certain powerful antibiotics (i.e.: Levofloxacin) associated with opportunistic C. difficile infection.

CBM 588 was approved for clinical use in humans by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1970. The standard preparation as marketed by Miyarisan Pharmaceutical (Tokyo, Japan) consists of white, marked tablets each containing 0.35 x 10⁶ colony forming units (CFU) of C. butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (as active agent). CBM 588 does not establish permanently in the gut, in common with other orally administered probiotic bacteria. CBM 588 for clinical use is produced by submerged anaerobic fermentation followed by centrifugation, drying, blending and packaging.

The MIYAIRI 588 strain of C. butyricum does not carry any genes encoding any toxins and virulence factors associated with clostridium or other enteropathogens.^[4] Absence of neurotoxin production has been demonstrated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern blot hybridisation for type E botulinum toxin gene. The absence of genes encoding botulinum neurotoxin A,B,F and genes encoding non-toxic haemagglutinin (NTNH) and genes encoding Clostridium perfringens toxins (alpha, beta, epsilon and iota) has been demonstrated by PCR assay.

This strain is deposited at the Fermentation Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Japan under the strain name Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain, deposit number FERM BP-2789. Recent European Food Safety Authority opinions confirm the official strain nomenclature as Clostridium butyricum FERM BP-2789.

Sources

Hashwa F., Tokajian S., (2008), Microbiology, an experimental approach. 7th edition, 2008.
Kyne L, Warndy M, Qamar A, Kelly CP. Asymptomatic carriage of Clostridum difficile and serum levels of IgG antibody against toxin A.N Engl J Med 20;342:390-397.
Leung DY, Kelly CP, Boguniewicz M, Pothoulakis C, Lamont JT, Flores A. T with intravenously administered gamma globulin of chronic relapsing colitis induced by Clostridium difficile toxin. J. Paediatr 1991;118:633-637.

References

^ Seki, H., Shiohara, M., Matsumura, T., Miyagawa, N., Tanaka, M., Komiyama, A. & Kurata, S. (2003). Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI. Pediatr Int 45, 86–90
^ Meng, X., Karasawa, T., Zou, K., Kuang, X., Wang, X., Lu, C., Wang, C., Yamakawa, K. & Nakamura, S. (1997). Characterization of a neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum strain isolated from the food implicated in an outbreak of food-borne type E botulism. J Clin Microbiol 35, 2160–2162.
^ Woo TD, Oka K, Takahashi M, Hojo F, Osaki T, Hanawa T, Kurata S, Yonezawa H, Kamiya S. (2011). Inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile in vitro by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain. J Med Microbiol 11, 1617-25
^ http://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/acnfp10505clos.pdf

UpToDate Contents

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1. クロストリジウム・ディフィシルとプロバイオティクス clostridium difficile and probiotics
2. ボツリヌス中毒 botulism
3. クロストリジウム性筋肉壊死 clostridial myonecrosis
4. 成人におけるクロストリジウム・ディフィシル：臨床症状および診断 clostridium difficile in adults clinical manifestations and diagnosis
5. 成人におけるクロストリジウム・ディフィシル：疫学、微生物学、および病態生理 clostridium difficile in adults epidemiology microbiology and pathophysiology

English Journal

Sodium (Na+) concentration effects on metabolic pathway and estimation of ATP use in dark fermentation hydrogen production through stoichiometric analysis.

Lee MJ, Kim TH, Min B, Hwang SJ.SourceDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Environmental Studies, Kyung Hee University, Seochon-dong, Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 446-701, Republic of Korea.
Journal of environmental management.J Environ Manage.2012 Oct 15;108:22-6. Epub 2012 May 26.
Batch experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of Na(+) concentration on hydrogen production with dark fermentation. The Na(+) concentration was varied from 0 to 8 g/L in the mixed culture using an anaerobic sludge treated by acid. The maximum hydrogen production was achieved with 1 g-N
PMID 22634156

Lipid diversity among botulinum neurotoxin-producing clostridia.

Guan Z, Johnston NC, Raetz CR, Johnson EA, Goldfine H.SourceDepartment of Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
Microbiology (Reading, England).Microbiology.2012 Oct;158(Pt 10):2577-84. Epub 2012 Jul 26.
Clostridium botulinum has been classified into four groupings (groups I to IV) based on physiological characteristics and 16S rRNA sequencing. We have examined the lipid compositions of 11 representative strains of C. botulinum and a strain of Clostridium sporogenes by 2D-TLC and by MS. All strains
PMID 22837302

Japanese Journal

酪酸菌Clostridium butyricum--MIYAIRI588株の欧州における飼料添加物許可の取得とその背景

高橋志達
鶏の研究 85(1), 100-103, 2010-01
NAID 40016932993

2Fp27 三価鉄存在下における酪酸菌の高濃度培養(発酵生理学・発酵工学,一般講演)

林紀彦,斎木博
日本生物工学会大会講演要旨集平成21年度, 83, 2009-08-25
NAID 110007500533

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「宮入菌」「酪酸菌」「ミヤＢＭ」「クロストリジウム・ブチリクム」
関連記事	「clostridium」「Clostridium」

「宮入菌」

Clostridium butyricum
	C. butyricum MIYAIRI 588 tablets produced by Miyarisan Pharmaceutical, Tokyo, Japan.
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Firmicutes
Class:	Clostridia
Order:	Clostridiales
Family:	Clostridiaceae
Genus:	Clostridium
Species:	C. butyricum
Binomial name
	Clostridium butyricum;

　　[★]

ラ: Clostridium butyricum
同: ミヤＢＭ
関: 酪酸菌

細菌分類学上Clostridium butyricum に属するグラム陽性、有芽胞、偏性嫌気性の桿菌
酪酸、酢酸などの短鎖脂肪酸を産生する

「酪酸菌」

　　[★]

ラ: Clostridium butyricum
商: ビオスリー配合
関: クロストリジウム・ブチリクム、宮入菌

「ミヤＢＭ」

　　[★] 宮入菌末

関: 止しゃ剤，整腸剤、宮入菌、Clostridium butyricum

「クロストリジウム・ブチリクム」

　　[★]

ラ: Clostridium butyricum
関: 酪酸菌

「clostridium」

　　[★]

関: クロストリジウム、クロストリジウム属

「Clostridium」

　　[★] クロストリジウム属

[1] Seki, H., Shiohara, M., Matsumura, T., Miyagawa, N., Tanaka, M., Komiyama, A. & Kurata, S. (2003). Prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI. Pediatr Int 45, 86–90

[2] Meng, X., Karasawa, T., Zou, K., Kuang, X., Wang, X., Lu, C., Wang, C., Yamakawa, K. & Nakamura, S. (1997). Characterization of a neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum strain isolated from the food implicated in an outbreak of food-borne type E botulism. J Clin Microbiol 35, 2160–2162.

[3] Woo TD, Oka K, Takahashi M, Hojo F, Osaki T, Hanawa T, Kurata S, Yonezawa H, Kamiya S. (2011). Inhibition of the cytotoxic effect of Clostridium difficile in vitro by Clostridium butyricum MIYAIRI 588 strain. J Med Microbiol 11, 1617-25

[4] ttp://www.food.gov.uk/multimedia/pdfs/acnfp10505clos.pdf

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Clostridium butyricum