WordNet
- shrew-sized protomammal from the Alberta region of Canada; from about 55 million years ago (much more recent than other mammal-like reptiles)
- (logic) a statement that contradicts itself; "`I always lie is a paradox because if it is true it must be false"
- a reptile genus of Therapsida (同)genus Chronoperates
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『逆説』(矛盾するようにみえても実際は真理を含んでいる説) / 矛盾;へ理屈
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2015/05/25 14:38:14」(JST)
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Chronoperates
Temporal range: Late Paleocene, 55Ma
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Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Phylum: |
Chordata |
Class: |
Mammalia |
Clade: |
Holotheria |
Family: |
†Chronoperatidae
Fox, Youzwyshyn & Krause, 1992 |
Genus: |
†Chronoperates
Fox, Youzwyshyn & Krause, 1992 |
Type species |
†Chronoperates paradoxus
Fox, Youzwyshyn & Krause, 1992 |
Chronoperates (meaning "time wanderer" in Greek) is an extinct genus of probable mammal whose remains have been found in a late Paleocene deposit in Alberta, Canada. It is represented by the type species Chronoperates paradoxus and known only from a partial left lower jaw.[1] It was first identified in 1992 as a non-mammalian cynodont, implying a ghost lineage of over 100 million years since the previously youngest known record of non-mammalian cynodonts, which at that time was in the Jurassic period (some non-mammalian cynodonts are now known to have persisted until the Early Cretaceous). More recently, Chronoperates has been interpreted as a late-surviving symmetrodont mammal.
References
- ^ Fox, Richard C.; Youzwyshyn, Gordon P.; Krause, David W. (1992). "Post-Jurassic mammal-like reptile from the Palaeocene". Nature 358 (6383): 233–235. doi:10.1038/358233a0. PMID 1630490. edit
http://darrennaish.blogspot.com/2006/05/time-wandering-cynodonts-and-docodonts.html
http://www.palaeos.com/Vertebrates/Units/410Cynodontia/410.400.html
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English Journal
- Evaluation of the microbial community, acidity and proximate composition of akamu, a fermented maize food.
- Obinna-Echem PC, Kuri V, Beal J.Author information School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK; Rivers State University of Science and Technology, PMB 5080, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.AbstractBACKGROUND: Akamu is a lactic acid-fermented cereal-based food that constitutes a major infant complementary food in most West African countries. The identities of LAB populations from DGGE analysis and conventionally isolated LAB and yeasts from traditionally fermented akamu were confirmed by PCR sequencing analysis. The relationships between pH, acidity and lactic acid levels and proximate composition of the akamu samples were investigated.
- Journal of the science of food and agriculture.J Sci Food Agric.2014 Jan 30;94(2):331-40. doi: 10.1002/jsfa.6264. Epub 2013 Jul 17.
- BACKGROUND: Akamu is a lactic acid-fermented cereal-based food that constitutes a major infant complementary food in most West African countries. The identities of LAB populations from DGGE analysis and conventionally isolated LAB and yeasts from traditionally fermented akamu were confirmed by PCR s
- PMID 23765582
- Microbial diversity and dynamics during the production of May bryndza cheese.
- Pangallo D1, Saková N2, Koreňová J3, Puškárová A1, Kraková L1, Valík L4, Kuchta T3.Author information 1Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia.2Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, 845 51 Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.3Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Food Research Institute, Priemyselná 4, P. O. Box 25, 824 75 Bratislava 26, Slovakia.4Department of Nutrition and Food Quality Assessment, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37 Bratislava, Slovakia.AbstractDiversity and dynamics of microbial cultures were studied during the production of May bryndza cheese, a traditional Slovak cheese produced from unpasteurized ewes' milk. Quantitative culture-based data were obtained for lactobacilli, lactococci, total mesophilic aerobic counts, coliforms, E. coli, staphylococci, coagulase-positive staphylococci, yeasts, fungi and Geotrichum spp. in ewes' milk, curd produced from it and ripened for 0 - 10days, and in bryndza cheese produced from the curd, in three consecutive batches. Diversity of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in selected stages of the production was studied by non-culture approach based on amplification of 16S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer region, coupled to denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and sequencing. The culture-based data demonstrated an overall trend of growth of the microbial population contributing to lactic acid production and to ripening of the cheese, lactobacilli, lactococci and Geotrichum spp. growing up to densities of 10(8)CFU/g, 10(9)CFU/g and 10(5)CFU/g, respectively, in all three consecutive batches of bryndza cheese. The diversity of bacteria encompassed Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Acinetobacter guillouiae, Acinetobacter sp., Acinetobacter johnsonii, Citrobacter braakii, Clostridium bartlettii, Corynebacterium callunae, Corynebacterium maris, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter asburiae, Enterobacter hormaechei, Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus pallens, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus haemolyticus, Hafnia alvei, Kluyvera cryocrescens, Lactobacillus helveticus, Lactococcus garvieae, Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris, Lc. lactis subsp. lactis, "Leuconostoc garlicum", Mannheimia glucosida, Mannheimia haemolytica, Pseudomonas sp., Ps. fluorescens, "Ps. reactans", Raoultella ornithinolytica, R. terrigena, "Rothia arfidiae", Staphylococcus aureus, Staph. epidermidis, Staph. felis, Staph. pasteuri, Staph. sciuri, Staph. xylosus, Streptococcus parauberis, Str. thermophilus and Variovorax paradoxus. The diversity of yeasts and fungi encompassed Alternaria alternata, "Ascomycete sp.", Aspergillus fumigatus, Beauveria brongniartii, Candida xylopsoci, C. inconspicua, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Debaromyces hansenii, Fomes fomentarius, Galactomyces candidus, Gymnoascus reesii, Chaetomium globosum, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Metarhizium anisopliae, Penicillium aurantiogriseum, P. camemberti, P. freii, P. polonicum, P. viridicatum, Pichia kudriavzevii, Sordaria alcina, Trichosporon lactis and Yarrowia lipolytica.
- International journal of food microbiology.Int J Food Microbiol.2014 Jan 17;170:38-43. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Oct 30.
- Diversity and dynamics of microbial cultures were studied during the production of May bryndza cheese, a traditional Slovak cheese produced from unpasteurized ewes' milk. Quantitative culture-based data were obtained for lactobacilli, lactococci, total mesophilic aerobic counts, coliforms, E. coli,
- PMID 24291178
- Ribosome profiling reveals post-transcriptional buffering of divergent gene expression in yeast.
- McManus J, May G, Spealman P, Shteyman A.Author information Carnegie Mellon University.AbstractUnderstanding the patterns and causes of phenotypic divergence is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Much work has shown that mRNA abundance is highly variable between closely related species. However, the extent and mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene regulatory evolution are largely unknown. Here we used ribosome profiling to compare transcript abundance and translation efficiency in two closely related yeast species (S. cerevisiae and S. paradoxus). By comparing translation regulatory divergence to interspecies differences in mRNA sequence features, we show that differences in transcript leaders and codon bias substantially contribute to divergent translation. Globally, we find that translation regulatory divergence often buffers species-differences in mRNA abundance, such that ribosome occupancy is more conserved than transcript abundance. We used allele-specific ribosome profiling in interspecies hybrids to compare the relative contributions of cis- and trans-regulatory divergence to species differences in mRNA abundance and translation efficiency. The mode of gene regulatory divergence differs for these processes, as trans-regulatory changes play a greater role in divergent mRNA abundance than in divergent translation efficiency. Strikingly, most genes with aberrant transcript abundance in F1 hybrids (either over- or under-expressed compared to both parent species) did not exhibit aberrant ribosome occupancy. Our results show that interspecies differences in translation contribute substantially to the evolution of gene expression. Compensatory differences in transcript abundance and translation efficiency may increase the robustness of gene regulation.
- Genome research.Genome Res.2013 Dec 6. [Epub ahead of print]
- Understanding the patterns and causes of phenotypic divergence is a central goal in evolutionary biology. Much work has shown that mRNA abundance is highly variable between closely related species. However, the extent and mechanisms of post-transcriptional gene regulatory evolution are largely unkno
- PMID 24318730
Related Links
- Thesaurus Antonyms Related Words Synonyms Legend: Noun: 1. Chronoperates paradoxus - shrew-sized protomammal from the Alberta region of Canada; from about 55 million ...
- Definition of Chronoperates paradoxus in the AudioEnglish.org Dictionary. Meaning of Chronoperates paradoxus. What does Chronoperates paradoxus mean?