Canadian French

　

WordNet

1. the French language as spoken in Quebec, Canada
2. cut (e.g, beans) lengthwise in preparation for cooking; "French the potatoes"
3. United States sculptor who created the seated marble figure of Abraham Lincoln in the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. (1850-1931) (同)Daniel Chester French
4. the people of France (同)French people
5. the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France
6. of or pertaining to France or the people of France; "French cooking"; "a Gallic shrug" (同)Gallic
7. of or relating to Canada or its people
8. a river rising in northeastern New Mexico and flowing eastward across the Texas panhandle to become a tributary of the Arkansas River in Oklahoma (同)Canadian River
9. a native or inhabitant of Canada

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. 『フランスの』,フランス人の,フランス語の,フランスふうの / 〈U〉『フランス語』 / 《the ~》《集合的に;複数扱い》『フランス人』(国民)
2. 『カナダの;カナダ人の』 / 『カナダ人』

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/04/07 13:17:40」(JST)

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Canadian French
français canadien
Native to	Canada (primarily Quebec, Ontario and New Brunswick, but present throughout the country); smaller numbers in emigrant communities in New England
Native speakers	7,300,000 (2011 census)
Language family	Indo-European Italic Romance Western Gallo-Romance Oïl French Canadian French
Official status
Official language in	Canada Quebec New Brunswick
Recognised minority language in	Maine New Hampshire New York Ontario Manitoba Vermont
Language codes
ISO 639-3	–
Glottolog	None
IETF	fr-CA

Canadian French (French: français canadien) is the various varieties of French spoken in Canada. In 2005, the total number of speakers of French in Canada (including two million non-fluent speakers) was 12,000,000. In 2011, French was reported as the mother tongue of more than seven million Canadians, or around 22% of the national population. At the federal level it has official status alongside English. At the provincial level of government, French is the sole official language of Quebec and is one of two official languages of New Brunswick, and is jointly official (derived from its federal legal status) in Nunavut, Yukon, and the Northwest Territories. Government services are offered in French at the provincial level in Manitoba, in certain areas of Ontario (through the French Language Services Act), and to a variable extent elsewhere.

New England French, a variety spoken in parts of New England in the United States, is essentially a variety of Canadian French.

Varieties

Quebec French is spoken in Quebec. Closely related varieties are spoken by francophone communities in Ontario, Western Canada, Labrador and in the New England region of the United States and differ from Quebec French primarily by their greater conservatism. The term Laurentian French has limited application as a collective label for all these varieties, and Quebec French has also been used for the entire dialect group. The overwhelming majority of francophone Canadians speak this dialect.

Acadian French is spoken by over 350,000 Acadians in parts of the Maritime Provinces, Newfoundland, the Îles de la Madeleine, and Gaspé peninsula.

Métis French is spoken in Manitoba and Western Canada by the Métis, descendants of First Nations mothers and voyageur fathers during the fur trade. Many Métis spoke Cree in addition to French, and over the years they developed a unique mixed language called Michif by combining Métis French nouns, numerals, articles and adjectives with Cree verbs, demonstratives, postpositions, interrogatives and pronouns. Both the Michif language and the Métis dialect of French are severely endangered.

Newfoundland French is spoken by a small population on the Port-au-Port Peninsula of Newfoundland. It is endangered — both Quebec French and Acadian French are now more widely spoken among Newfoundland francophones than the distinctive peninsular dialect.

Brayon French is spoken in the Beauce of Quebec; Edmunston, New Brunswick; and Madawaska, Maine. Although superficially a phonological descendant of Acadian French, analysis reveals it is morphosyntactically identical to Quebec French. It is believed to have resulted from a localized levelling of contact dialects between Québécois and Acadian settlers.

New England French is spoken in parts of New England in the United States. Essentially a local variant of Quebec French, it is one of three major forms of French that developed in what is now the U.S., the others being Louisiana French and the nearly-extinct Missouri French. It is endangered, though its use is supported by bilingual education programs in place since 1987.

Sub-varieties

There are two main sub-varieties of Canadian French. Joual is an informal variety of French spoken in working-class neighbourhoods in the province of Quebec. Chiac is a blending of Acadian French syntax and vocabulary with numerous lexical borrowings from English.

Historical usage

The term Canadian French was formerly used to refer specifically to Quebec French and the closely related varieties of Ontario and Western Canada descended from it. This is presumably because Canada and Acadia were distinct parts of New France, and also of British North America, until 1867. However, today the term Canadian French is not usually deemed to exclude Acadian French.

Phylogenetically, Quebec French, Métis French and Brayon French are representatives of koiné French in the Americas whereas Acadian French, Cajun French, and Newfoundland French are derivatives of non-koinesized local dialects in France.

See also

• Official bilingualism in Canada
• French Canadian
• French language in Canada
• Languages of Canada
• French language in the United States
• Metis French
• Michif language
• Quebec French

Notes and references

Notes

References

• The lexical basis of grammatical borrowing: a Prince Edward Island French
• Language in Canada. Edwards, John R.
• Collective (2004). Canadian French for better travel. Montreal: Ulysses Travel Guides. ISBN 2-89464-720-4. 

Further reading

• Darnell, Regna, ed. (1971). Linguistic Diversity in Canadian Society, in Sociolinguistics Series, 1. Edmonton, Alta.: Linguistic Research. Without ISBN or SBN

External links

• Audio example of Canadian French

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Identification of a Novel Gene on 10q22.1 Causing Autosomal Dominant Retinitis Pigmentosa (adRP).

• Daiger SP1,2, Sullivan LS3, Bowne SJ4, Koboldt DC5, Blanton SH6, Wheaton DK7, Avery CE8, Cadena ED9, Koenekoop RK10, Fulton RS11, Wilson RK12, Weinstock GM13, Lewis RA14, Birch DG15.
• Advances in experimental medicine and biology.Adv Exp Med Biol.2016;854:193-200. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_26.
• Whole-genome linkage mapping identified a region on chromosome 10q21.3-q22.1 with a maximum LOD score of 3.0 at 0 % recombination in a six-generation family with autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). All known adRP genes and X-linked RP genes were excluded in the family by a combination
• PMID 26427411

• The contribution of PCSK9 levels to the phenotypic severity of familial hypercholesterolemia is independent of LDL receptor genotype.

• Drouin-Chartier JP1, Tremblay AJ1, Hogue JC2, Ooi TC3, Lamarche B1, Couture P4.
• Metabolism: clinical and experimental.Metabolism.2015 Nov;64(11):1541-7. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2015.08.007. Epub 2015 Aug 20.
• Autosomal dominant familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is caused by genetic mutations in the LDL receptor (LDLR), its ligand apolipoprotein (apo) B, or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9). Although PCSK9 levels have been shown to correlate with LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in FH,
• PMID 26371983

• Joubert Syndrome in French Canadians and Identification of Mutations in CEP104.

• Srour M1, Hamdan FF2, McKnight D3, Davis E4, Mandel H5, Schwartzentruber J6, Martin B3, Patry L2, Nassif C2, Dionne-Laporte A7, Ospina LH8, Lemyre E2, Massicotte C2, Laframboise R9, Maranda B10, Labuda D2, Décarie JC11, Rypens F11, Goldsher D12, Fallet-Bianco C13, Soucy JF2, Laberge AM2, Maftei C2; Care4Rare Canada Consortium, Boycott K14, Brais B15, Boucher RM16, Rouleau GA17, Katsanis N4, Majewski J6, Elpeleg O18, Kukolich MK19, Shalev S20, Michaud JL21.
• American journal of human genetics.Am J Hum Genet.2015 Oct 14. pii: S0002-9297(15)00373-0. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2015.09.009. [Epub ahead of print]
• Joubert syndrome (JBTS) is a primarily autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by a distinctive mid-hindbrain and cerebellar malformation, oculomotor apraxia, irregular breathing, developmental delay, and ataxia. JBTS is a genetically heterogeneous ciliopathy. We sought to characterize the geneti
• PMID 26477546

Japanese Journal

• 多民族社会におけるマイノリティ作家の役割 : 北米カナダのフランス語圏文学におけるアジア系女性作家の作品を例に

• 山出 裕子
• 国学院大学紀要 50(-) (-), 195-211, 2012-00-00
• NAID 40019303028

• English education policy in Japan and the core French education policy in Canada for primary education: Comparing Japanese Action Plan with Canadian Action Plan and Plan 2013

• Takagaki Toshiyuki,タカガキ トシユキ
• 尾道大学日本文学論叢 (7), (5)-(13), 2011-12-31
• NAID 120003779927

• 一七世紀中葉におけるカトリック宣教戦略の再編 : パリ外国宣教会と亡命スコットランド人聖職者

• 坂野 正則
• 史學雜誌 120(10), 1697-1722, 2011-10-20
• … In 1658 Pope Alexander VII appointed four French priests to the position of Vicar Apostolic and sent them to the Canadian and the Asian missions. … The article begins with an analysis of the characteristic features of the new strategy and an attempt to clarify the background against which personal ties and ideology were shared between French devotees (Devots) and the RCPF. …
• NAID 110009327540

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「French」「Canadian」

「French」

　　[★]

• adj.

• フランスの

• n.

• フランス語、フランス人

関

France

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カテーテルの直径の単位

1 Fr = 1/3 mm

　 　 　 　 　 　

「Canadian」

　　[★]

• adj.

• カナダの、カナダ人

関

Canada