WordNet
- deciduous or evergreen American shrubs small trees having very hard wood and milky latex (同)genus Bumelia
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/02/29 00:25:07」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
- For other meanings see Sideroxylon (disambiguation).
| bully trees |
|
| Sideroxylon persimile |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Plantae |
| (unranked): |
Angiosperms |
| (unranked): |
Eudicots |
| (unranked): |
Asterids |
| Order: |
Ericales |
| Family: |
Sapotaceae |
| Subfamily: |
Sapotoideae |
| Tribe: |
Sideroxyleae |
| Genus: |
Sideroxylon
L.[1] |
| Type species |
Sideroxylon inerme
L.[2][3] |
| Synonyms[4] |
- Apterygia Baehni
- Bumelia Sw.
- Calvaria Comm. ex C.F.Gaertn.
- Cryptogyne Hook.f.
- Decateles Raf.
- Dipholis A.DC.
- Edgeworthia Falc. 1842, illegitimate homonym, not Meisn. 1841 (Thymelaeaceae)
- Lyciodes Kuntze
- Mastichodendron (Engl.) H.J.Lam
- Monotheca A.DC.
- Nesoluma Baill.
- Reptonia A.DC.
- Robertia Scop., rejected name
- Robertsia Endl.
- Rostellaria C.F.Gaertn.
- Sclerocladus Raf.
- Sinosideroxylon (Engl.) Aubrév.
- Spiniluma (Baill.) Aubrév.
- Spondogona Raf., rejected name
- Tatina Raf.
|
Leaves of
Sideroxylon marmulano
Sideroxylon is a genus of trees in the family Sapotaceae described as a genus by Linnaeus in 1753.[3][5] They collectively known as bully trees. The generic name is derived from the Greek words σιδηρος (sideros), meaning "iron", and ξύλον (xylon), meaning "wood."[6]
Contents
- 1 Distribution
- 2 Ecology
- 3 Species
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Distribution
The genus is distributed mainly in North and South America, but also in Africa, Madagascar, southern Asia, and various oceanic islands.[4] Some species, such as gum bully (S. lanuginosum), S. tenax, and buckthorn bully (S. lycioides), are found in subtropical areas of North America. The only South African species, the white milkwood (S. inerme), is associated with three historical sites, and these individuals were declared national monuments due to their unusual longevity.[7][8]
Ecology
Several species have become rare due to logging and other forms of habitat destruction. The Tambalacoque (S. grandiflorum, syn. Calvaria major) of Mauritius was affected by the extinction of the birds which dispersed its seed; it was suggested that the species entirely depended on the dodo (Raphus cucullatus) for that purpose and nearly became a victim of coextinction, but this is not correct.[9][10] Bully trees provide food for the larvae of certain Lepidoptera, such as the bumelia webworm moth (Urodus parvula) as well as several species of Coleoptera of the genus Plinthocoelium, commonly known as bumelia borers.
Species
- Accepted Species[4]
- Sideroxylon acunae (Borhidi) T.D.Penn. - Cuba
- Sideroxylon alachuense L.C.Anderson - Florida
- Sideroxylon altamiranoi (Rose & Standl.) T.D.Penn. - Hidalgo, Querétaro
- Sideroxylon americanum (Mill.) T.D.Penn. - Yucatan, West Indies
- Sideroxylon anomalum (Urb.) T.D.Penn. - Barahona
- Sideroxylon beguei Capuron ex Aubrév. - Madagascar
- Sideroxylon bequaertii De Wild. - Zaïre
- Sideroxylon betsimisarakum Lecomte - Madagascar
- Sideroxylon borbonicum A.DC. - Réunion
- Sideroxylon boutonianum A.DC. - Mauritius
- Sideroxylon bullatum (R.A.Howard & Proctor) T.D.Penn. - Jamaica
- Sideroxylon canariense Leyens, Lobin & A.Santos - Canary Is
- Sideroxylon cantoniense Lour. - SE China
- Sideroxylon capiri (A.DC.) Pittier - Mesoamerica, West Indies
- Sideroxylon capuronii Aubrév. - Madagascar
- Sideroxylon cartilagineum (Cronquist) T.D.Penn. - Sinaloa, Jalisco, Guerrero
- Sideroxylon celastrinum (Kunth) T.D.Penn. - Texas, Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, Cuba, Bahamas
- Sideroxylon cinereum Lam. - Mauritius
- Sideroxylon contrerasii (Lundell) T.D.Penn. - Mesoamerica
- Sideroxylon cubense (Griseb.) T.D.Penn. - West Indies
- Sideroxylon discolor Radcl.-Sm. - Socotra
- Sideroxylon dominicanum (Whetstone & T.A.Atk.) T.D.Penn. - Dominican Rep
- Sideroxylon durifolium (Standl.) T.D.Penn. - Chiapas, Belize
- Sideroxylon ekmanianum (Urb.) Bisse, J.E.Gut. & Iglesias - Cuba
- Sideroxylon eriocarpum (Greenm. & Conz.) T.D.Penn. - Oaxaca
- Sideroxylon eucoriaceum (Lundell) T.D.Penn. - Veracruz, Guatemala
- Sideroxylon eucuneifolium (Lundell) T.D.Penn. - Guatemala
- Sideroxylon excavatum T.D.Penn. - Guerrero, Oaxaca
- Sideroxylon fimbriatum Balf.f. - Socotra
- Sideroxylon floribundum Griseb. - Belize, Guatemala, Jamaica
- Sideroxylon foetidissimum Jacq. - West Indies, S Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Florida
- Sideroxylon galeatum (A.W.Hill) Baehni - Rodrigues
- Sideroxylon gerrardianum (Hook.f.) Aubrév. - Madagascar
- Sideroxylon grandiflorum A.DC. - Mauritius
- Sideroxylon hirtiantherum T.D.Penn. - Guatemala, Honduras
- Sideroxylon horridum (Griseb.) T.D.Penn. - Cuba, Cayman Is
- Sideroxylon ibarrae (Lundell) T.D.Penn. - Baja Verapaz
- Sideroxylon inerme L. - Africa (from Somalia to Cape Province), Aldabra, Juan de Nova I
- Sideroxylon jubilla (Ekman ex Urb.) T.D.Penn. - Cuba
- Sideroxylon lanuginosum Michx. – - United States (AZ to SC + KY),[11] NE Mexico
- Sideroxylon leucophyllum S.Wats. - Baja California, Sonora
- Sideroxylon lycioides L. – buckthorn bully - United States (TX to DE)[12]
- Sideroxylon macrocarpum (Nutt.) J.R.Allison - Georgia
- Sideroxylon majus (Gaertn.f.) Baehni Réunion
- Sideroxylon marginatum (Decne. Ex Webb) - Cape Verde
- Sideroxylon mascatense (A. DC.) T.D. Penn. - from Ethiopia to Pakistan
- Sideroxylon mirmulans' R.Br. - Madeira
- Sideroxylon moaense (Bisse & J.E.Gut.) J.E.Gut. - Cuba
- Sideroxylon montanum (Sw.) T.D.Penn. - Jamaica
- Sideroxylon nadeaudii (Drake) Smedmark & Anderb. - Tahiti
- Sideroxylon nervosum Wall. ex G.Don - Myanmar
- Sideroxylon obovatum Lam. - West Indies, Venezuela
- Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem. & Schult.) T.D.Penn. - from Veracruz to Paraguay
- Sideroxylon occidentale (Hemsl.) T.D.Penn. - Baja California, Sonora
- Sideroxylon octosepalum (Urb.) T.D.Penn. - Clarendon
- Sideroxylon oxyacanthum Baill. - Ethiopia, Eritrea, Saudi Arabia
- Sideroxylon palmeri (Rose) T.D.Penn. - Mexico
- Sideroxylon peninsulare (Brandegee) T.D.Penn. - Baja California
- Sideroxylon persimile (Hemsl.) T.D.Penn. - Mesoamerica, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad
- Sideroxylon picardae (Urb.) T.D.Penn. - Hispaniola
- Sideroxylon polynesicum (Hillebr.) Smedmark & Anderb. - Hawaii, Rapa-Iti
- Sideroxylon portoricense Urb. - Mesoamerica, Greater Antilles
- Sideroxylon puberulum A.DC. - Mauritius
- Sideroxylon reclinatum Michx. - United States (LA, MS, AL, GA, FL, SC)[13]
- Sideroxylon repens (Urb. and Ekman) T.D.Penn. - Hispaniola
- Sideroxylon retinerve T.D.Penn. - Honduras
- Sideroxylon rotundifolium (Sw.) T.D.Penn. - Jamaica
- Sideroxylon rubiginosum T.D.Penn. - Dominican Rep
- Sideroxylon salicifolium (L.) Lam. - West Indies, Mesoamerica, Florida
- Sideroxylon saxorum Lecomte - Madagascar
- Sideroxylon sessiliflorum (Poir.) Capuron ex Aubrév. - Mauritius
- Sideroxylon socorrense (Brandegee) T.D.Penn. - Socorro I
- Sideroxylon st-johnianum (H.J.Lam & B.Meeuse) Smedmark & Anderb. - Henderson I
- Sideroxylon stenospermum (Standl.) T.D.Penn. - Mesoamerica
- Sideroxylon stevensonii (Standl.) Standl. & Steyerm. - Chiapas, Belize, Guatemala
- Sideroxylon tambolokoko Aubrév. - Madagascar
- Sideroxylon tenax L. - United States (FL, GA, SC, NC)[14]
- Sideroxylon tepicense (Standl.) T.D.Penn. - Mesoamerica
- Sideroxylon thornei (Cronquist) T.D.Penn. - USA (FL, GA, AL)[15]
- Sideroxylon verruculosum (Cronquist) T.D.Penn. - Mexico
- Sideroxylon wightianum S.Mori - Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangdong, Vietnam
Formerly placed here
- Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels (as S. spinosum L.)[16]
- Micropholis acutangula (Ducke) Eyma (as S. acutangulum Ducke)[16]
- Micropholis crassipedicellata (Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.) Pierre (as S. crassipedicellatum Mart. & Eichler ex Miq.)[16]
- Micropholis guyanensis (A.DC.) Pierre (as S. guyanense A.DC.)[16]
- Micropholis rugosa (Sw.) Pierre (as S. rugosum (Sw.) Roem. & Schult.)[16]
- Olinia ventosa (L.) Cufod. (as S. cymosum L.f.)[16]
- Planchonella australis (R.Br.) Pierre (as S. australe (R.Br.) Benth. & Hook.f. ex F.Muell.)[16]
- Planchonella costata (Endl.) Pierre (as S. costatum (Endl.) F.Muell.)[16]
- Planchonella eerwah (F.M.Bailey) P.Royen (as S. eerwah F.M.Bailey)[16]
- Pouteria elegans (A.DC.) Baehni (as S. elegans A.DC.)[16]
- Pouteria macrantha (Merr.) Baehni (as S. macranthum Merr.)[16]
- Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E.Moore & Stearn (as S. sapota Jacq.)[16]
- Pouteria reticulata (Engl.) Eyma (as S. uniloculare Donn.Sm.)[16]
- Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach.) Daniell (as S. dulcificum (Schumach.) A.DC.)[16]
References
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sideroxylon. |
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Wikispecies has information related to: Sideroxylon |
- ^ "Genus: Sideroxylon L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2009-09-31. Retrieved 2010-11-01.
- ^ lectotype designated by Baillon, Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 908 (1891)
- ^ a b Tropicos, Sideroxylon L.
- ^ a b c Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ Linnaeus, Carl von. 1753. Species Plantarum 1: 192-193 in Latin
- ^ Gledhill, D. (2008). The Names of Plants (4 ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 352. ISBN 978-0-521-86645-3.
- ^ Flora of North America, Vol. 8 Page 236, Bully, Sideroxylon Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 192. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 89. 1754.
- ^ Flora of China, Vol. 15 Page 212, 铁榄属 tie lan shu Sinosideroxylon (Engler) Aubreville, Adansonia, n.s. 3: 32. 1963.
- ^ Witmer, M. C.; A. S. Cheke (1991). "The dodo and the tambalacoque tree: an obligate mutualism reconsidered". Oikos 61 (1): 133–137. doi:10.2307/3545415.
- ^ Hershey, D. R. (2004). "The widespread misconception that the tambalacoque absolutely required the dodo for its seeds to germinate". Plant Science Bulletin 50: 105–108.
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon lanuginosum
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon lycioides
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon reclinatum
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon tenax
- ^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution map, Sideroxylon thornei
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "GRIN Species Records of Sideroxylon". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 2010-09-10.
External links
- "Sideroxylon". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
English Journal
- Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis of tropical African trees.
- Ba AM, Duponnois R, Moyersoen B, Diedhiou AG.SourceLaboratoire Commun de Microbiologie IRD/UCAD/ISRA, (LCM), Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, BP 1386, CP 18524, Dakar, Senegal, amadou.ba@ird.fr.
- Mycorrhiza.Mycorrhiza.2011 Oct 12. [Epub ahead of print]
- The diversity, ecology and function of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi and ectomycorrhizas (ECMs) on tropical African tree species are reviewed here. While ECMs are the most frequent mycorrhizal type in temperate and boreal forests, they concern an economically and ecologically important minority of plan
- PMID 21989710
- Antioxidant activities of the leaves of Chrysophyllum albidum G.
- Adebayo AH, Abolaji AO, Kela R, Ayepola OO, Olorunfemi TB, Taiwo OS.SourceBiochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Technology, Covenant University, PMB 1023, Canaan land, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria.
- Pakistan journal of pharmaceutical sciences.Pak J Pharm Sci.2011 Oct;24(4):545-51.
- Chrysophyllum albidum G. is a tropical plant and commonly found in Nigeria. It belongs to the sapotaceae family and used in folklore in the treatment of yellow fever, malaria, diarrhea, vaginal and dermatological infections. The study was aimed at investigating the antioxidant properties of this pla
- PMID 21959819
Japanese Journal
- ブラジル産薬用植物Bumelia sartorumの成分研究(修士論文発表要旨)
Related Links
- Chittamwood, Gum Bumelia, Woolybucket Bumelia, Gum Elastic, Wooly Buckthorn, Gum Woolybucket, Wooly Bumelia, False Buckthorn, Shittamwood, Ironwood, Coma Bumelia lanuginosa. Sapotaceae. Chittamwood is usually found in open ...
Related Pictures
