ジメルカプロール
WordNet
- of or relating to or characteristic of Great Britain or its people or culture; "his wife is British"
- the people of Great Britain (同)British people, Brits
- not in favor of (an action or proposal etc.)
- a person who is opposed (to an action or policy or practice etc.); "the antis smelled victory after a long battle"
- social insect living in organized colonies; characteristically the males and fertile queen have wings during breeding season; wingless sterile females are the workers (同)emmet, pismire
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 『英国の』;英国人の / 英国民(人)
- 《話》(特定の慣習・政策・行動などに)反対する人
- 『アリ』
- =ain't
- (次にくる語の発音が母音で始まるときに用いる) / (子音[h]で始まり第1音節に強勢のない語の場合はanを用いることがある.ただし,この場合は[h]を発音しない)
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/28 14:24:03」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Dimercaprol |
|
|
IUPAC name
2,3-Disulfanylpropan-1-ol[citation needed]
|
Other names
2,3-Dimercaptopropanol[citation needed]
British anti-Lewisite
|
| Identifiers |
| CAS number |
59-52-9 Y, 16495-08-2 (2R)-2-sulfanyl Y, 16495-16-2 (2S)-2-sulfanyl Y |
| PubChem |
3080, 6971262 (2R)-2-sulfanyl, 3246063 (2S)-2-sulfanyl |
| ChemSpider |
2971 Y, 5342114 (2R)-2-sulfanyl Y, 2496803 (2S)-2-sulfanyl Y |
| UNII |
0CPP32S55X Y |
| EC number |
200-433-7 |
| UN number |
2810 |
| DrugBank |
DB06782 |
| KEGG |
D00167 Y |
| MeSH |
Dimercaprol |
| ChEMBL |
CHEMBL1597 Y |
| RTECS number |
UB2625000 |
| ATC code |
V03AB09 |
| Beilstein Reference |
1732058 |
| Jmol-3D images |
Image 1 |
|
|
-
InChI=1S/C3H8OS2/c4-1-3(6)2-5/h3-6H,1-2H2 Y
Key: WQABCVAJNWAXTE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y
|
| Properties |
| Molecular formula |
C
3H
8S
2O |
| Molar mass |
124.225 g mol-1 |
| Density |
1.239 g cm-3 |
| Boiling point |
120 °C, 393 K, 248 °F (at 2.0 kPa)
|
| log P |
0.627 |
| Acidity (pKa) |
8.999 |
| Basicity (pKb) |
4.998 |
| Refractive index (nD) |
1.573 |
| Hazards |
| GHS pictograms |
|
| GHS signal word |
DANGER |
| GHS hazard statements |
H301, H315, H319, H335 |
| GHS precautionary statements |
P261, P301+310, P305+351+338 |
| EU classification |
Xn |
| R-phrases |
R22, R36/37/38 |
| S-phrases |
S26, S36 |
| NFPA 704 |
|
| Flash point |
112 °C |
| Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) |
| Infobox references |
Dimercaprol (INN) or British anti-Lewisite (abbreviated BAL), is a compound developed by British biochemists at Oxford University during World War II.[1][2] It was developed secretly as an antidote for lewisite, the now-obsolete arsenic-based chemical warfare agent.[3] Today, it is used medically in treatment of arsenic, mercury, gold, lead, antimony, and other toxic metal poisoning.[4] In addition, it has in the past been used for the treatment of Wilson's disease, a genetic disorder in which the body tends to retain copper.[5]
Biochemical function[edit]
Arsenic and some other heavy metals act by chemically reacting with adjacent thiol residues on metabolic enzymes, creating a chelate complex that inhibits the affected enzyme's activity.[6] Dimercaprol competes with the thiol groups for binding the metal ion, which is then excreted in the urine.[citation needed]
Dimercaprol is itself toxic, with a narrow therapeutic range and a tendency to concentrate arsenic in some organs. Other drawbacks include the need to administer it by painful intramuscular injection.[7] Serious side effects include nephrotoxicity and hypertension.
Dimercaprol has been found to form stable chelates in vivo with many other toxic metals including inorganic mercury, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, chromium, cobalt, gold, and nickel. However, it is not necessarily the treatment of choice for toxicity to these metals. Dimercaprol has been used as an adjunct in the treatment of the acute encephalopathy of lead toxicity. It is a potentially toxic drug, and its use may be accompanied by multiple side effects. Although treatment with dimercaprol will increase the excretion of cadmium, there is a concomitant increase in renal cadmium concentration, so that its use in case of cadmium toxicity is to be avoided. It does, however, remove inorganic mercury from the kidneys; but is not useful in the treatment of alkylmercury or phenyl mercury toxicity. Dimercaprol also enhances the toxicity of selenium and tellurium, so it is not to be used to remove these elements from the body.[citation needed]
See also[edit]
- Chelation therapy
- Chemical warfare agent
- Toxic metal poisoning
References[edit]
- ^ Domingo Tabangcura, Jr., G. Patrick Daubert. "British anti-Lewisite".
- ^ Peters, R; Stocken, L; Thompson, R. (1945). "British Anti-Lewisite (BAL)". Nature 156 (3969): 616–619. doi:10.1038/156616a0. PMID 21006485.
- ^ Domingo Tabangcura, Jr., G. Patrick Daubert. "British anti-Lewisite".
- ^ "Dimercaprol".
- ^ Denny-Brown D, PORTER H (December 1951). "The effect of BAL (2,3-dimercaptopropanol) on hepatolenticular degeneration (Wilson's disease)". N. Engl. J. Med. 245 (24): 917–25. doi:10.1056/NEJM195112132452401. PMID 14882450.
- ^ Goldman M, Dacre JC. (1989) Lewisite: its chemistry, toxicology, and biological effects. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 110: 75-115
- ^ Mückter H, Liebl B, Reichl FX et al. (1997) Are we ready to replace dimercaprol (BAL) as an arsenic antidote? Human and Experimental Toxicology 16: 460-465
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Antidotes (V03AB)
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Nervous
system |
Nerve agent /
Organophosphate
poisoning |
- Atropine#
- Biperiden
- Diazepam#
- Oximes
- see also: Cholinesterase
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Barbiturate
overdose
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Benzodiazepine
overdose
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GHB overdose
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Opioid overdose
|
- Diprenorphine
- Doxapram
- Nalmefene
- Nalorphine
- Naloxone#
- Naltrexone
|
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Reversal of
neuromuscular blockade
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Circulatory
system |
|
Beta blocker
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Digoxin toxicity
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Heparin
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| Other |
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Arsenic poisoning
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Cyanide poisoning
|
- 4-Dimethylaminophenol
- Hydroxocobalamin
- nitrite
- Amyl nitrite
- Sodium nitrite#
- Sodium thiosulfate#
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Hydrofluoric acid
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Methanol /
Ethylene glycol
poisoning |
|
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Paracetamol toxicity
(Acetaminophen)
|
- Acetylcysteine#
- Glutathione
- Methionine#
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- Dimercaprol#
- Edetates
- Prussian blue#
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Other
|
- iodine-131
- Methylthioninium chloride#
- oxidizing agent
- Prednisolone/promethazine
|
|
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| Emetic |
- Copper sulfate
- Ipecacuanha
|
|
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
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|
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Chelating agents / chelation therapy (V03AC, others)
|
|
| Copper |
|
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| Iron |
- Deferasirox
- Deferiprone
- Deferoxamine#
|
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| Lead |
|
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| Thallium |
|
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| Other/ungrouped |
- ALA
- BAPTA
- DMPS
- DMSA
- DTPA
- EGTA
|
|
- #WHO-EM
- ‡Withdrawn from market
- Clinical trials:
- †Phase III
- §Never to phase III
|
|
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- A Computational Study of Detoxification of Lewisite Warfare Agents by British Anti-lewisite: Catalytic Effects of Water and Ammonia on Reaction Mechanism and Kinetics.
- Sahu C, Pakhira S, Sen K, Das AK.SourceDepartment of Spectroscopy, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science , Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India.
- The journal of physical chemistry. A.J Phys Chem A.2013 Apr 25;117(16):3496-506. doi: 10.1021/jp312254z. Epub 2013 Apr 11.
- trans-2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine (lewisite, L agent, Lew-I) acts as a blistering agents. British anti-lewisite (BAL, 2,3-dimercaptopropanol) has long been used as an L-agent antidote. The main reaction channels for the detoxification proceed via breaking of As-Cl bonds and formation of As-S bonds,
- PMID 23540856
- α-Lipoic acid protects against arsenic trioxide-induced acute QT prolongation in anesthetized guinea pigs.
- Kumazaki M, Ando H, Kakei M, Ushijima K, Taniguchi Y, Yoshida M, Yamato S, Washino S, Koshimizu TA, Fujimura A.SourceDivision of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, 3311-1 Yakushiji, Shimotsuke-shi, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan.
- European journal of pharmacology.Eur J Pharmacol.2013 Apr 5;705(1-3):1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.02.027. Epub 2013 Mar 5.
- Clinical use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3), which can induce the remission of relapsed or refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia, is often limited because of its cardiotoxicity. Symptoms of cardiotoxicity include acute cardiac conduction disturbances, such as QT prolongation. The present study was un
- PMID 23474023
- Cardiac conduction block at multiple levels caused by arsenic trioxide therapy.
- Kathirgamanathan K, Angaran P, Lazo-Langner A, Gula LJ.SourceDivision of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
- The Canadian journal of cardiology.Can J Cardiol.2013 Jan;29(1):130.e5-6. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2012.04.004. Epub 2012 Jun 8.
- We present a rare case of a woman aged 62 years with refractory acute promyelocytic leukemia treated with arsenic trioxide leading to progressive, multilevel cardiac conduction block. After chelation treatment with dimercaprol, there was normalization of conduction.Copyright © 2013 Canadian Cardiov
- PMID 22683459
Related Links
- British anti-Lewisite (BAL; dimercaprol; 2,3-dimercaptopropanol) has been in use in the medical community for over 60 years. It is most commonly used as a chelator (remove a heavy metal from the body) in the treatment of poisoning ...
- The rediscovery of Lewisite in 1918 was too late for its use as a chemical warfare agent in WWI. However, the allied forces were well-aware of its existence at the start of WWII. At an Oxford laboratory under the keen supervision of Sir ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- dimercaprol
- ラ
- dimercaprolum
- 同
- BAL(British anti-Lewisite)
- 商
- バル
- 毒ガスのルイサイト(Lewisite)を解毒する薬物として見いだされた
- C3H8OS2
- １つのヒドロキシル基と２つのSH基をもつ
- キレート剤。重金属解毒剤
- 金属イオンに対して高親和性を有する
作用機序
- 金属イオン-SH基間の結合を阻害
- 金属イオンの排泄を促進する
適応
- ヒ素、水銀、鉛、銅、ビスマス、クロム、アンチモンの中毒
注意
[★]
[★]
- 関
- England、English、Great Britain、UK、United Kingdom
[★]
- 同
- ants, stinging
[★]
