WordNet
- term not used technically; essentially coextensive with genus Bos: cattle; buffalo; and sometimes includes kudu (同)subfamily Bovinae
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2013/06/26 05:41:23」(JST)
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Bovines
Temporal range: Miocene to Recent |
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Water buffalo |
Scientific classification |
Kingdom: |
Animalia |
Phylum: |
Chordata |
Class: |
Mammalia |
Order: |
Artiodactyla |
(Unranked) |
Ruminantiamorpha |
Suborder: |
Ruminantia |
Infraorder: |
Pecora |
Family: |
Bovidae |
Subfamily: |
Bovinae
Gray, 1821 |
Tribes |
Bovini
Boselaphini
Strepsicerotini
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The biological subfamily Bovinae includes a diverse group of 10 genera of medium- to large-sized ungulates, including domestic cattle, bison, African buffalo, the water buffalo, the yak, and the four-horned and spiral-horned antelopes. The evolutionary relationship between the members of the group is obscure, and their classification into loose tribes rather than formal subgroups reflects this uncertainty. General characteristics include cloven hoofs and usually at least one of the sexes of a species having true horns.
In most countries, bovids are used for food. Cattle are eaten almost everywhere except in parts of India and Nepal, where bovids are considered sacred by Caste Hindus. The largest extant bovine is the gaur.
Contents
- 1 Systematics and classification
- 2 Etymology
- 3 See Also
- 4 References
- 5 External links
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Systematics and classification[edit]
- FAMILY BOVIDAE
- Subfamily Bovinae
- Tribe Boselaphini
- Genus Tetracerus
- Four-horned antelope, Tetracerus quadricornis
- Genus Boselaphus
- Nilgai or blue bull, Boselaphus tragocamelus (not to be confused with the extinct bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus, Hippotraginae)
- Tribe Bovini
- Genus Bubalus
- Water buffalo, Bubalus bubalis
- Wild Asian water buffalo, Bubalus arnee
- Lowland anoa, Bubalus depressicornis
- Mountain anoa, Bubalus quarlesi
- Tamaraw, Bubalus mindorensis
- Cebu tamaraw†, Bubalus cebuensis (extinct)
- Genus Bos
- Aurochs†, Bos primigenius (extinct)
- Banteng, Bos javanicus
- Gaur, Bos gaurus
- Gayal, Bos frontalis (domestic gaur)
- Yak, Bos mutus, Bos grunniens
- Bos palaesondaicus†, (extinct)
- Domestic cattle, Bos taurus (increasingly considered a subspecies of Bos primigenius)
- Domestic zebu, Bos indicus (increasingly considered a subspecies of Bos primigenius)
- Kouprey, Bos sauveli (possibly extinct)
- Genus Pseudoryx
- Saola, Pseudoryx nghetinhensis
- Genus Syncerus
- African buffalo, Syncerus caffer
- Genus Bison
- American bison, Bison bison
- Wisent, Bison bonasus
- Steppe wisent†, Bison priscus (extinct)
- Ancient bison†, Bison antiquus (extinct)
- Long-horned bison†, Bison latifrons (extinct)
- Genus Pelorovis† (extinct)
- Giant buffalo, Pelorovis antiquus
- Tribe Strepsicerotini
- Genus Tragelaphus (antelope-like)
- Bongo, Tragelaphus eurycerus
- Greater kudu, Tragelaphus strepsiceros
- Kéwel, Tragelaphus scriptus
- Imbabala, Tragelaphus sylvaticus
- Lesser kudu, Tragelaphus imberbis
- Mountain nyala, Tragelaphus buxtoni
- Nyala, Tragelaphus angasii
- Sitatunga, Tragelaphus spekeii
- Genus Taurotragus
- Common eland, Taurotragus oryx
- Giant eland, Taurotragus derbianus
Etymology[edit]
Bovine is derived from Latin bos, "ox", through Late Latin bovinus. Bos comes from the Indo-European root *gwous, meaning ox.The meaning of bovinus is a Latin word and it means ox.
See Also[edit]
- Bovine Submaxillary Mucin Coatings
References[edit]
- International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature. 2003. Opinion 2027 (Case 3010). Usage of 17ΔбГ specific names based on wild species which are pre-dated by or contemporary with those based on domestic animals (Lepidoptera, Osteichthyes, Mammalia): conserved. Bull.Zool.Nomencl., 60:81–84.
External links[edit]
- Bovinae information in ITIS.
Extant Artiodactyla species
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- Kingdom: Animalia
- Phylum: Chordata
- Class: Mammalia
- Infraclass: Eutheria
- Superorder: Laurasiatheria
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Suborder Ruminantia
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Antilocapridae |
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Giraffidae |
Okapia
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Giraffa
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- Giraffe (G. camelopardalis)
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Moschidae |
Moschus
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- Himalayan musk deer (M. chrysogaster)
- Siberian musk deer (M. moschiferus)
- Dwarf musk deer (M. berezovskii)
- Black musk deer (M. fuscus)
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Tragulidae |
Hyemoschus
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- Water chevrotain (H. aquaticus)
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Moschiola
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- Indian spotted chevrotain (M. indica)
- Yellow-striped chevrotain (M. kathygre)
- Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (M. meminna)
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Tragulus
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- Java mouse-deer (T. javanicus)
- Lesser mouse-deer (T. kanchil)
- Greater mouse-deer (T. napu)
- Philippine mouse-deer (T. nigricans)
- Vietnam mouse-deer (T. versicolor)
- Williamson's mouse-deer (T. williamsoni)
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Cervidae |
Large family listed below
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Bovidae |
Large family listed below
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Family Cervidae
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Cervinae |
Muntiacus
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- Indian muntjac (M. muntjak)
- Reeves's muntjac (M. reevesi)
- Hairy-fronted muntjac (M. crinifrons)
- Fea's muntjac (M. feae)
- Bornean yellow muntjac (M. atherodes)
- Roosevelt's muntjac (M. rooseveltorum)
- Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis)
- Giant muntjac (M. vuquangensis)
- Truong Son muntjac (M. truongsonensis)
- Leaf muntjac (M. putaoensis)
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Elaphodus
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- Tufted deer (E. cephalophus)
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Dama
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- Fallow deer (D. dama)
- Persian fallow deer (D. mesopotamica)
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Axis
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Rucervus
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- Barasingha (R. duvaucelii)
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Panolia
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Elaphurus
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- Père David's deer (E. davidianus)
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Hyelaphus
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- Hog deer (H. porcinus)
- Calamian deer (H. calamianensis)
- Bawean deer (H. kuhlii)
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Rusa
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- Sambar deer (R. unicolor)
- Rusa deer (R. timorensis)
- Philippine sambar (R. mariannus)
- Philippine spotted deer (R. alfredi)
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Cervus
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- Red deer (C. elaphus)
- Elk (C. canadensis)
- Thorold's deer (C. albirostris)
- Sika deer (C. nippon)
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Capreolinae |
Alces
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Hydropotes
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Capreolus
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- Roe deer (C. capreolus)
- Siberian roe deer (C. pygargus)
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Rangifer
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Hippocamelus
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- Taruca (H. antisensis)
- South Andean deer (H. bisulcus)
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Mazama
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- Red brocket (M. americana)
- Small red brocket (M. bororo)
- Merida brocket (M. bricenii)
- Dwarf brocket (M. chunyi)
- Gray brocket (M. gouazoubira)
- Pygmy brocket (M. nana)
- Amazonian brown brocket (M. nemorivaga)
- Yucatan brown brocket (M. pandora)
- Little red brocket (M. rufina)
- Central American red brocket (M. temama)
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Ozotoceros
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- Pampas deer (O. bezoarticus)
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Blastocerus
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- Marsh deer (B. dichotomus)
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Pudu
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- Northern pudu (P. mephistophiles)
- Pudú (P. pudu)
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Odocoileus
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- White-tailed deer (O. virginianus)
- Mule deer (O. hemionus)
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Family Bovidae
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Cephalophinae |
Cephalophus
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- Abbott's duiker (C. spadix)
- Aders' duiker (C. adersi)
- Bay duiker (C. dorsalis)
- Black duiker (C. niger)
- Black-fronted duiker (C. nigrifrons)
- Blue duiker (C. monticola)
- Harvey's duiker (C. harveyi)
- Jentink's duiker (C. jentinki)
- Maxwell's duiker (C. maxwellii)
- Red forest duiker (C. natalensis)
- Ogilby's duiker (C. ogilbyi)
- Peters's duiker (C. callipygus)
- Red-flanked duiker (C. rufilatus)
- Ruwenzori duiker (C. rubidis)
- Weyns's duiker (C. weynsi)
- White-bellied duiker (C. leucogaster)
- White-legged duiker (C. crusalbum)
- Yellow-backed duiker (C. Sylvicultor)
- Zebra duiker (C. zebra)
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Sylvicapra
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- Common duiker (S. grimmia)
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Hippotraginae |
Hippotragus
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- Roan antelope (H. equinus)
- Sable antelope (H. niger)
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Oryx
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- East African oryx (O. beisa)
- Scimitar oryx (O. dammah)
- Gemsbok (O. gazella)
- Arabian oryx (O. leucoryx)
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Addax
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Reduncinae |
Kobus
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- Upemba lechwe (K. anselli)
- Waterbuck (K. ellipsiprymnus)
- Kob (K. kob)
- Lechwe (K. leche)
- Nile lechwe (K. megaceros)
- Puku (K. vardonii)
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Redunca
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- Southern reedbuck (R. arundinum)
- Mountain reedbuck (R. fulvorufula)
- Bohor reedbuck (R. redunca)
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Aepycerotinae |
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Peleinae |
Pelea
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- Grey rhebok (P. capreolus)
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Alcelaphinae |
Beatragus
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Damaliscus
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- Korrigum (D. korrigum)
- Common tsessebe (D. lunatus)
- Bontebok (D. pygargus)
- Bangweulu tsessebe (D. superstes)
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Alcelaphus
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- Hartebeest (A. buselaphus)
- Red hartebeest (A. caama)
- Lichtenstein's hartebeest (A. lichtensteinii)
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Connochaetes
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- Black wildebeest (C. gnou)
- Blue wildebeest (C. taurinus)
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Pantholopinae |
Pantholops
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- Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii)
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Caprinae |
Large subfamily listed below
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Bovinae |
Large subfamily listed below
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Antilopinae |
Large subfamily listed below
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Family Bovidae (subfamily Caprinae)
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Ammotragus
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- Barbary sheep (A. lervia)
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Budorcas
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Capra
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- Wild goat (C. aegagrus)
- West Caucasian tur (C. caucasia)
- East Caucasian tur (C. cylindricornis)
- Markhor (C. falconeri)
- Alpine ibex (C. ibex)
- Nubian ibex (C. nubiana)
- Spanish ibex (C. pyrenaica)
- Siberian ibex (C. sibirica)
- Walia ibex (C. walie)
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Hemitragus
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- Nilgiri tahr (H. hylocrius)
- Arabian tahr (H. jayakari)
- Himalayan tahr (H. jemlahicus)
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Naemorhedus
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- Red goral (N. baileyi)
- Japanese serow (N. crispus)
- Long-tailed goral (N. caudatus)
- Himalayan goral (N. goral)
- Mainland serow (N. sumatraensis)
- Taiwan serow (N. swinhoei)
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Oreamnos
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- Mountain goat (O. americanus)
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Ovibos
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Ovis
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- Argali (O. ammon)
- Domestic sheep (O. aries)
- Bighorn sheep (O. canadensis)
- Dall sheep (O. dalli)
- Mouflon (O. musimon)
- Snow sheep (O. nivicola)
- Urial (O. orientalis)
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Pseudois
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- Bharal (P. nayaur)
- Dwarf blue sheep (P. schaeferi)
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Rupicapra
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- Pyrenean chamois (R. pyrenaica)
- Chamois (R. rupicapra)
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Family Bovidae (subfamily Bovinae)
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Boselaphini |
Tetracerus
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- Four-horned antelope (T. quadricornis)
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Boselaphus
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Bovini |
Bubalus
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- Water buffalo (B. bubalus)
- Lowland anoa (B. depressicornis)
- Mountain anoa (B. quarlesi)
- Tamaraw (B. mindorensis)
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Bos
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- Banteng (B. javanicus)
- Gaur (B. gaurus)
- Yak (B. mutus)
- Cattle (B. taurus)
- Kouprey (B. sauveli)
- Zebu (B. indicus)
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Pseudonovibos
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Pseudoryx
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Syncerus
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- African buffalo (S. caffer)
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Bison
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- American bison (B. bison)
- Wisent (B. bonasus)
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Strepsicerotini |
Tragelaphus
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- Sitatunga (T. spekeii)
- Nyala (T. angasii)
- Bushbuck (T. scriptus)
- Mountain nyala (T. buxtoni)
- Lesser kudu (T. imberbis)
- Greater kudu (T. strepsiceros)
- Bongo (T. eurycerus)
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Taurotragus
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- Common eland (T. oryx)
- Giant eland (T. derbianus)
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Family Bovidae (subfamily Antilopinae)
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Antilopini |
Ammodorcas
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Antidorcas
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- Springbok (A. marsupialis)
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Antilope
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- Blackbuck (A. cervicapra)
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Gazella
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- Mountain gazelle (G. gazella)
- Neumann's gazelle (G. erlangeri)
- Speke's gazelle (G. spekei)
- Dorcas gazelle (G. dorcas)
- Saudi gazelle (G. saudiya)
- Chinkara (G. bennettii)
- Thomson's gazelle (G. thomsonii)
- Red-fronted gazelle (G. rufifrons)
- Dama gazelle (G. dama)
- Grant's gazelle (G. granti)
- Soemmerring's gazelle (G. soemmerringii)
- Cuvier's gazelle (G. cuvieri)
- Rhim gazelle (G. leptoceros)
- Goitered gazelle (G. subgutturosa)
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Litocranius
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Procapra
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- Mongolian gazelle (P. gutturosa)
- Goa (P. picticaudata)
- Przewalski's gazelle (P. przewalskii)
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Saigini |
Pantholops
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- Tibetan antelope (P. hodgsonii)
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Saiga
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- Saiga antelope (S. tatarica)
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Neotragini |
Dorcatragus
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Madoqua
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- Günther's dik-dik (M. guentheri)
- Kirk's dik-dik (M. kirkii)
- Silver dik-dik (M. piacentinii)
- Salt's dik-dik (M. saltiana)
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Neotragus
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- Bates's pygmy antelope (N. batesi)
- Suni (N. moschatus)
- Royal antelope (N. pygmaeus)
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Oreotragus
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- Klipspringer (O. oreotragus)
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Ourebia
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Raphicerus
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- Steenbok (R. campestris)
- Cape grysbok (R. melanotis)
- Sharpe's grysbok (R. sharpei)
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Suborder Suina
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Suidae |
Babyrousa
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- Buru babirusa (B. babyrussa)
- North Sulawesi babirusa (B. celebensis)
- Togian babirusa (B. togeanensis)
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Hylochoerus
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- Giant forest hog (H. meinertzhageni)
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Phacochoerus
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- Desert warthog (P. aethiopicus)
- Warthog (P. africanus)
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Porcula
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Potamochoerus
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- Bushpig (P. larvatus)
- Red River Hog (P. porcus)
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Sus
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- Palawan bearded pig (S. ahoenobarbus)
- Bornean bearded pig (S. barbatus)
- Indo-chinese warty pig (S. bucculentus)
- Visayan warty pig (S. cebifrons)
- Celebes warty pig (S. celebensis)
- Flores warty pig (S. heureni)
- Oliver's warty pig (S. oliveri)
- Philippine warty pig (S. philippensis)
- Wild boar (S. scrofa)
- Timor warty pig (S. timoriensis)
- Javan warty pig (S. verrucosus)
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Tayassuidae |
Tayassu
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- White-lipped peccary (T. pecari)
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Catagonus
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- Chacoan peccary (C. wagneri)
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Pecari
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- Collared peccary (P. tajacu)
- Giant peccary (P. maximus)
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Suborder Tylopoda
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Camelidae
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Lama
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- Llama (L. glama)
- Guanaco (L. guanicoe)
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Vicugna
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- Vicuña (V. vicugna)
- Alpaca (V. pacos)
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Camelus
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- Dromedary (C. dromedarius)
- Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus)
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Cetartiodactyla (unranked clade, higher than Artiodactyla)
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Hippopotamidae
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Hippopotamus
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- Hippopotamus (H. amphibius)
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Choeropsis
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- Pygmy hippopotamus (C. liberiensis)
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English Journal
- Milk composition of free-ranging red hartebeest, giraffe, Southern reedbuck and warthog and a phylogenetic comparison of the milk of African Artiodactyla.
- Osthoff G1, Hugo A2, Madende M2, Deacon F3, Nel PJ4.
- Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Part A, Molecular & integrative physiology.Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol.2017 Feb;204:93-103. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2016.11.012. Epub 2016 Nov 20.
- The composition of major nutrients and fatty acids of the milk of three species, red hartebeest, Southern reedbuck and warthog, and milk fatty acids of giraffe, that have not been published before, are reported, and together with the same parameters of 11 species previously published, were incorpora
- PMID 27880889
- Complete mitogenome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of PaLi yak (Bos grunniens).
- Bao P1,2, Guo X2, Pei J2, Liang C2,3, Ding X2, Min C2, Wang H2, Wu X2, Yan P2,3.
- Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis.Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal.2016 Nov;27(6):4590-4591. Epub 2016 May 20.
- PaLi yak is a very important local breed in China; as a year-round grazing animal, it plays a very important role for the economic and native herdsmen. The PaLi yak complete mitochondrial DNA is sequenced in this study, the total length is 16,324 bp, containing 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA gen
- PMID 27207722
- The complete mitochondrial genome of Bos gaurus gon-shan (Bovidae; Bovinae).
- Tang CZ1, Zhang YL1, Li WG1, Shi JP2, Wang WS1, Liang L1.
- Mitochondrial DNA. Part A, DNA mapping, sequencing, and analysis.Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal.2016;27(2):1050-1. doi: 10.3109/19401736.2014.928862. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
- In the present work we undertook the complete mitochondrial genome sequencing of a wild gon-shan chinese cattle Bos gaurus gon-shan. The total length of the mitogenome was 16,356 bp with the base composition of 33.4% for A, 27.2% for T, 26.0% for C, and 13.4% for G and an A-T (60.6%)-rich feature
- PMID 24972289
Japanese Journal
- A molecular cytogenetic analysis of the tribe Bovini (Artiodactyla : Bovidae : Bovinae) with an emphasis on sex chromosome morphology and NOR distribution
- Phylogenetic relationships in the subfamily Bovinae (Mammalia : Artiodactyla) based on ribosomal DNA
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