WordNet

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
a harmful or corrupting agency; "bigotry is a virus that must not be allowed to spread"; "the virus of jealousy is latent in everyone"
(virology) ultramicroscopic infectious agent that replicates itself only within cells of living hosts; many are pathogenic; a piece of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) wrapped in a thin coat of protein
a software program capable of reproducing itself and usually capable of causing great harm to files or other programs on the same computer; "a true virus cannot spread to another computer without human assistance" (同)computer virus
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological
British nuclear physicist (born in Germany) honored for his contributions to quantum mechanics (1882-1970) (同)Max Born

PrepTutorEJDIC

(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
ビールス,ろ過性病原体
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/11/04 19:28:49」(JST)

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Bornavirus is a genus of viruses in the order Mononegavirales. Horses, sheep, cattle, rodents, birds, and human serve as natural hosts. There are currently five species in this genus, and it is the only genus in its family (Bornaviridae). Diseases associated with this genus include: mammals borna disease : fatal neurologic disease, restricted to central Europe. birds: encephalitis, proventricular dilatation disease.^[1]^[2]

Taxonomy

Group: ssRNA(-)

Order: Mononegavirales

Family: Bornaviridae
- Genus: Bornavirus
  Mammalian 1 bornavirus
  
  Passeriform 1 bornavirus
  
  Passeriform 2 bornavirus
  
  Psittaciform 1 bornavirus
  
  Waterbird 1 bornavirus

^[2]

Structure

Viruses in Bornavirus are enveloped, with spherical geometries. The diameter is around 70 to 130 nm. Genomes are linear, around 8.9kb in length. The genome codes for 9 proteins. ^[1]

Genus	Structure	Symmetry	Capsid	Genomic Arrangement	Genomic Segmentation
Bornavirus	Spherical		Enveloped	Linear	Monopartite

Life Cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral GP glycoproteins to host receptors, which mediates clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the negative stranded RNA virus replication model. Negative stranded rna virus transcription, using polymerase stuttering, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by nuclear pore export. Horses, sheep, cattle, rodents, birds, and humans serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fomite, contact, urine, feces, and saliva.^[1]

Genus	Host Details	Tissue Tropism	Entry Details	Release Details	Replication Site	Assembly Site	Transmission
Bornavirus	Horses; sheep; cattle; rodents; birds; humans	Neurons; astrocytes; oligodendrocytes; ependymal cells	Clathrin-mediated endocytosis	Budding	Nucleus^[3]	Cytoplasm	Fomites; contact: saliva; contact: urine; contact: feces

Pathogenicity

Between 2011 and 2013, three breeders of variegated squirrels (Sciurus variegatoides) had encephalitis with similar clinical signs and died 2 to 4 months after onset of the clinical symptoms. Genomic analysis found a previously unknown bornavirus in a contact squirrel and in brain tissue from the three men, the researchers reported, and it is the "likely causative agent" in their deaths. Prior to this, Bornavirus species were not thought to be responsible for human diseases.^[4]^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
^ ^a ^b ICTV. "Virus Taxonomy: 2014 Release". Retrieved 12 June 2015.
^ Veterinary Microbiology and microbial disease, 2nd edition, P J Quinn et al. Wiley-Blackwell
^ A Variegated Squirrel Bornavirus Associated with Fatal Human Encephalitis
^ Zoonotic bornavirus from variegated squirrel tied to fatal CNS infections in German breeders.

External links

Viralzone: Bornaviridae
ICTV

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English Journal

Identification and bioinformatic analysis of dysregulated microRNAs in human oligodendroglial cells infected with borna disease virus.

Zhang H1, He P1, Huang R2, Sun L3, Liu S3, Zhou J3, Guo Y3, Yang D1, Xie P1.
Molecular medicine reports.Mol Med Rep.2016 Oct 13. doi: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5842. [Epub ahead of print]
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as important regulators of gene expression via translational depression or mRNA degradation. Previously, dysregulated miRNAs have been found in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Borna disease virus (BDV) is a neurotropic, negative single‑stranded R
PMID 27748825

Screening red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) for possible viral causes of encephalitis.

Bourg M1, Nobach D1, Herzog S2, Lange-Herbst H2, Nesseler A3, Hamann HP3, Becker S1, Höper D4, Hoffmann B4, Eickmann M5, Herden C6.
Virology journal.Virol J.2016 Sep 2;13(1):151. doi: 10.1186/s12985-016-0608-1.
BACKGROUND: Next to various known infectious and non-infectious causes, the aetiology of non-suppurative encephalitis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) often remains unclear. Known causes in foxes imply rabies, canine distemper, toxoplasmosis, Aujeszky's disease, as well as parvovirus, adenovirus, circov
PMID 27590473

Sero-epidemiological analysis of vertical transmission relative risk of Borna disease virus infection in dairy herds.

Ando T1, Takino T, Makita K, Tajima M, Koiwa M, Hagiwara K.
The Journal of veterinary medical science.J Vet Med Sci.2016 Aug 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Borna disease virus (BDV) is a virus that causes a neurological disease in domestic animals, including a variety of animal species in Japan. Few studies have examined the mode of transmission of this virus in cattle, and the exact mechanisms underlying the transmission of the virus need to be elucid
PMID 27498995