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aerobic rod-shaped spore-producing bacterium; often occurring in chainlike formations; found primarily in soil (同)B

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バチルス桿菌(かんきん) / (一般に)細菌

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/07/12 02:05:18」(JST)

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Bacillus stearothermophilus (or Geobacillus stearothermophilus)^[1] is a rod-shaped, Gram-positive bacterium and a member of the division Firmicutes. The bacteria is a thermophile and is widely distributed in soil, hot springs, ocean sediment, and is a cause of spoilage in food products. It will grow within a temperature range of 30-75 degrees Celsius. It is commonly used as a challenge organism for sterilization validation studies and periodic check of sterilization cycles. The biological indicator contains spores of the organism on filter paper inside a vial. After sterilizing, the cap is closed, an ampule of growth medium inside of the vial is crushed and the whole vial is incubated. A color and/or turbidity change indicates the results of the sterilization process; no change indicates that the sterilization conditions were achieved, otherwise the growth of the spores indicates that the sterilization process has not been met.

Biological indicators are used in conjunction with chemical indicators and process indicators to validate sterilization processes.

It was first described in 1920 as Bacillus stearothermophilus^[2], but following a reclassification (2001) it is officially a member of the genus Geobacillus^[3]

Polymerase

Recently, a DNA polymerase derived from these bacteria, Bst polymerase, has become important in molecular biology applications.

Bst polymerase has a helicase-like activity, making it able to unwind DNA strands. Its optimum functional temperature is between 60 and 65°C and it is denatured at temperatures above 70°C. These features make it useful in loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)^[4]. LAMP is similar to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) but does not require the high temperature (96°C) step required to denature DNA.

The Bacillus stearothermophilus is the main target of milk sterilization

References

^ "Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 50, part 2, of the IJSEM". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 51 (3): 795. 2001. DOI:10.1099/00207713-51-3-795. PMID 11411700. http://ijs.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/51/3/795.pdf.
^ DONK (P.J.): A highly resistant thermophilic organism. Journal of Bacteriology, 1920, 5, 373-374.
^ NAZINA (T.N.), TOUROVA (T.P.), POLTARAUS (A.B.), NOVIKOVA (E.V.), GRIGORYAN (A.A.), IVANOVA (A.E.), LYSENKO (A.M.), PETRUNYAKA (V.V.), OSIPOV (G.A.), BELYAEV (S.S.) and IVANOV (M.V.): Taxonomic study of aerobic thermophilic bacilli: descriptions of Geobacillus subterraneus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Geobacillus uzenensis sp. nov. from petroleum reservoirs and transfer of Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus thermocatenulatus, Bacillus thermoleovorans, Bacillus kaustophilus, Bacillus thermoglucosidasius and Bacillus thermodenitrificans to Geobacillus as the new combinations G. stearothermophilus, G. thermocatenulatus, G. thermoleovorans, G. kaustophilus, G. thermoglucosidasius and G. thermodenitrificans. Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol. 2001, 51, 433-446.
^ Mori Y, Hirano T, Notomi T (2006). "Sequence specific visual detection of LAMP reactions by addition of cationic polymers". BMC Biotechnol. 6: 3. DOI:10.1186/1472-6750-6-3. PMC 1373654. PMID 16401354. //www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1373654.

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English Journal

Contamination pathways of spore-forming bacteria in a vegetable cannery.

Durand L1, Planchon S1, Guinebretiere MH2, André S1, Carlin F2, Remize F3.
International journal of food microbiology.Int J Food Microbiol.2015 Jun 2;202:10-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.02.019. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
Spoilage of low-acid canned food during prolonged storage at high temperatures is caused by heat resistant thermophilic spores of strict or facultative bacteria. Here, we performed a bacterial survey over two consecutive years on the processing line of a French company manufacturing canned mixed gre
PMID 25755080

Modeling the behavior of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 12980 throughout its life cycle as vegetative cells or spores using growth boundaries.

Mtimet N1, Trunet C2, Mathot AG3, Venaille L4, Leguérinel I3, Coroller L3, Couvert O5.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2015 Jun;48:153-62. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2014.10.013. Epub 2014 Dec 24.
Geobacillus stearothermophilus is recognized as one of the most prevalent micro-organism responsible for flat sour in the canned food industry. To control these highly resistant spore-forming bacteria, the heat treatment intensity could be associated with detrimental conditions for germination and o
PMID 25791003

Biochemical and Mutational Characterization of N-Succinyl-Amino Acid Racemase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus CECT49.

Soriano-Maldonado P1, Andújar-Sánchez M, Clemente-Jiménez JM, Rodríguez-Vico F, Las Heras-Vázquez FJ, Martínez-Rodríguez S.
Molecular biotechnology.Mol Biotechnol.2015 May;57(5):454-65. doi: 10.1007/s12033-015-9839-4.
N-Succinyl-amino acid racemase (NSAAR), long referred to as N-acyl- or N-acetyl-amino acid racemase, is an enolase superfamily member whose biotechnological potential was discovered decades ago, due to its use in the industrial dynamic kinetic resolution methodology first known as "Acylase Process".
PMID 25875730

Japanese Journal

Cloning and Characterization of Flagellin Genes and Identification of Flagellin Glycosylation from Thermophilic Bacillus Species

HAYAKAWA Jumpei,KONDOH Yoshihide,ISHIZUKA Morio
Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry 73(6), 1450-1452, 2009-06-23
… Flagellin glycosylation was identified in Bacillus sp. … PS3 and Geobacillus stearothermophilus. … In vivo complementation showed that these flagellin genes did not restore the motility of a Bacillus subtilis flagellin mutant, whereas the genes encoding non-glycosylated flagellin from Geobacillus kaustophilus and Bacillus sp. …
NAID 10027542938

Two Crystal Structures of Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase from Bacillus stearothermophilus in Complex with Lysyladenylate-Like Compounds : Insights into the Irreversible Formation of the Enzyme-Bound Adenylate of L-Lysine Hydroxamate

SAKURAMA Haruko,TAKITA Teisuke,MIKAMI Bunzo,ITOH Takafumi,YASUKAWA Kiyoshi,INOUYE Kuniyo
The journal of biochemistry 145(5), 555-563, 2009-05-01
NAID 10025588705

Simultaneous Treatment of Washing, Disinfection and Sterilization Using Ultrasonic Levitation, Silver Electrolysis and Ozone Oxidation

UEDA TOYOTOSHI,HARA MASANORI,ODAGAWA IKUMI,SHIGIHARA TAKANORI
Biocontrol science 14(1), 1-12, 2009-03-10
… Prokariotic and gram-positive Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus atrophaeus, which are most resistant to autoclave and gas sterilization, respectively, were killed by silver electrolysis within 20 min. Prokariotic and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa was also killed by silver electrolysis in 10 min. The intensity distribution of the ultrasonic levitation waves was homogeneous throughout the tank. …
NAID 10025217461

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「バチルス・ステアロサーモフィルス」「バシラス・ステアロサーモフィラス」
関連記事	「stearothermophilus」

「バチルス・ステアロサーモフィルス」

Geobacillus stearothermophilus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Firmicutes
Class:	Bacilli
Order:	Bacillales
Family:	Bacillaceae
Genus:	Geobacillus
Species:	stearothermophilus
Binomial name
	Geobacillus stearothermophilus;