WordNet

an impairment of health or a condition of abnormal functioning
caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology; "diseased tonsils"; "a morbid growth"; "pathologic tissue"; "pathological bodily processes" (同)morbid, pathologic, pathological

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(体の)『病気』,疾患 / (精神・道徳などの)病気,病弊
女性の話術芸人 =diseur
病気にかかった / 病的な,不健全な(morbid)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/09/20 11:47:30」(JST)

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Baastrup's sign, or kissing spine, is an orthopedic and radiographic disorder that often occurs in elderly humans. It is characterized by enlargement of the posterior spinous projections of the lumbar spine, with normal intervertebral disc height and neuroforamina. The reason it is referred to as kissing spine is because the posterior spinous processes 'kiss' and touch one another as the individual goes into lumbar extension, for example when flat on their stomach.^[1]^[2]^[3] The condition has been seen in humans, canines, particularly with boxer breeds,^[4] and certain breeds of horses.^[5] This disorder is named after Christian Ingerslev Baastrup.

Diagnosis

A diagram of a human vertebral body. With Baastrup's sign, the posterior spinous process, pointing down and to the left, is abnormally thickened due to repetitive microtrauma.

The salient feature of the disorder is the exuberant osteophytosis that occurs at posterior lumbar spinous processes. Osteophytes are coarse calcifications at the edges of bone that form due to repetitive stress and trauma. There is also atrophy and fatty replacement of paraspinal musculature, which can be detected by CT or MRI.^[6]

Sagittal CT of the lumbar spine showing Baastrup's sign. The posterior spinous processes are the abnormally dense bone structures on the right of the image.

Treatment

The malpositioning seen on radiography may not cause any symptoms at all. If there are related symptoms, however, therapeutic options include physical therapy and nerve block injections. As a last resort, decompressive laminectomy may be attempted to relieve pain symptoms and remove the abnormally enlarged portions of bone.^[7]

References

^ "Who named it - Baastrup's sign".
^ N.K. Shyam Kumar D.M.R.D, D.N.B. "Baastrups Disease An Unusual Cause Of Backpain: A Case Report". The Internet Journal of Radiology. 2005 Volume 4 Number 1.
^ Lin, E. (2008). "Baastrup's disease (kissing spine) demonstrated by FDG PET/CT". Skeletal radiology 37 (2): 173–175. doi:10.1007/s00256-007-0379-2. PMID 18087748.
^ "Medical Dictionary Online - Baastrup's".
^ "Horse and Hound: Explaining kissing spines".
^ Haig, A.; Harris, A.; Quint, D. (2001). "Baastrup's disease correlating with diffuse lumbar paraspinal atrophy: a case report". Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation 82 (2): 250–252. doi:10.1053/apmr.2001.18052. PMID 11239319.
^ "Baastrup's Disease - General Practice Notebook".

English Journal

Space-time clustering of non-hodgkin lymphoma using residential histories in a Danish case-control study.

Baastrup Nordsborg R1, Meliker JR, Kjær Ersbøll A, Jacquez GM, Raaschou-Nielsen O.
PloS one.PLoS One.2013;8(4):e60800. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060800. Epub 2013 Apr 1.
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a frequent cancer and incidence rates have increased markedly during the second half of the 20(th) century; however, the few established risk factors cannot explain this rise and still little is known about the aetiology of NHL. Spatial analyses have been applied in an
PMID 23560108

Cancer in first-degree relatives and risk of testicular cancer in Denmark.

Nordsborg RB1, Meliker JR, Wohlfahrt J, Melbye M, Raaschou-Nielsen O.
International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer.Int J Cancer.2011 Nov 15;129(10):2485-91. doi: 10.1002/ijc.25897. Epub 2011 Mar 4.
Familial aggregation of testicular cancer has been reported consistently, but it is less clear if there is any association between risk of testicular cancer and other cancers in the family. We conducted a population-based case-control study to examine the relationship between risk of testicular canc
PMID 21207375

The retrodural space of Okada.

Murthy NS1, Maus TP, Aprill C.
AJR. American journal of roentgenology.AJR Am J Roentgenol.2011 Jun;196(6):W784-9. doi: 10.2214/AJR.10.5751.
OBJECTIVE: The retrodural space of Okada is a potential space that can act as a conduit for the spread of inflammatory or infectious processes, connecting ipsilateral adjacent facet joints, contralateral adjacent facet joints, adjacent neural foramen, paraspinal musculature, and spinous process adve
PMID 21606270