Australian encephalitis

オーストラリア脳炎

WordNet

1. of or relating to or characteristic of Australia or its inhabitants or its languages; "Australian deserts"; "Australian aborigines"
2. the Austronesian languages spoken by Australian aborigines (同)Aboriginal Australian
3. a native or inhabitant of Australia (同)Aussie
4. a nation occupying the whole of the Australian continent; Aboriginal tribes are thought to have migrated from southeastern Asia 20,000 years ago; first Europeans were British convicts sent there as a penal colony (同)Commonwealth of Australia
5. the smallest continent; between the South Pacific and the Indian Ocean
6. inflammation of the brain usually caused by a virus; symptoms include headache and neck pain and drowsiness and nausea and fever (`phrenitis is no longer in scientific use) (同)cephalitis, phrenitis

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. オーストラリアの,豪州の / オーストラリア人
2. 『オーストラリア』,豪州(首都はCanberra)
3. 脳炎

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/01/01 11:56:43」(JST)

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Murray Valley encephalitis virus
Virus classification
Group:	Group IV ((+)ssRNA)
Order:	Unassigned
Family:	Flaviviridae
Genus:	Flavivirus
Species:	Murray Valley encephalitis virus

Murray Valley encephalitis virus
Classification and external resources
ICD-9-CM	062.4
DiseasesDB	32810

Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV) is a zoonotic flavivirus endemic to northern Australia and Papua New Guinea. It is the causal agent of Murray Valley encephalitis (previously known as Australian encephalitis or Australian X disease). In humans it can cause permanent neurological disease or death. MVEV is related to Kunjin virus which has a similar ecology but a lower morbidity rate. Although the arbovirus is endemic to Northern Australia, it has occasionally spread to the southern states during times of heavy rainfall during the summer monsoon season via seasonal flooding of the Murray-Darling river system. These outbreaks can be "...decades apart, with no or very few cases identified in between".

Vector

MVEV is a mosquito-borne virus that is maintained in a bird-mosquito-bird cycle. Water birds from the order Ciconiiformes, including herons and cormorants, provide the natural reservoir for MVEV. The major mosquito vector is Culex annulirostris. Human infection occurs only through bites from infected mosquitoes; the virus cannot be transmitted from person to person.

History

The first epidemics of MVE occurred in 1917 and 1918 in Southeastern Australia following years of high rainfall. The virus was isolated from human samples in 1951 during an epidemic in the Murray Valley, Australia.

Epidemics usually occur due to either infected birds or mosquitoes migrating from endemic areas to non-endemic areas. The New South Wales government has placed 'sentinel flocks' of chickens near known bird breeding sites as an early warning system. These flocks are tested for MVE during the mosquito breeding season.

Presentation

The majority of MVEV infections are sub-clinical, i.e. do not produce disease symptoms, although some people may experience a mild form of the disease with symptoms such as fever, headaches, nausea and vomiting and only a very small number of these cases go on to develop MVE. In fact, serological surveys which measure the level of anti-MVEV antibodies within the population estimate that only 1 in 800-1000 of all infections result in clinical disease.

The incubation period following exposure to the virus is around 1 to 4 weeks. Following infection, a person will have lifelong immunity to the virus. When a patient appears to show MVE symptoms and has been in an MVE-endemic area during the wet season, when outbreaks usually occur, MVE infection must be confirmed by laboratory diagnosis, usually by detection of a significant rise of MVE-specific antibodies in the patient's serum. Of those who contract MVE, one-quarter die from the disease.

Clone

The scientific study of the genetics of MVEV has been facilitated by the construction and manipulation of an infectious cDNA clone of the virus. Mutations in the envelope gene have been linked to the attenuation of disease in mouse models of infection.

UpToDate Contents

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• 1. ニパウイルスおよびヘンドラウイルス性脳炎 nipah and hendra viral encephalitis
• 2. オーストラリア、ニュージーランド、南西太平洋（オセアニア）への旅行者における健康被害の可能性 potential health hazards in travelers to australia new zealand and the southwestern pacific oceania
• 3. 節足動物媒介性脳炎 arthropod borne encephalitides
• 4. 旅行者のための予防接種 immunizations for travel
• 5. 単純ヘルペスウイルス1型脳炎 herpes simplex virus type 1 encephalitis

English Journal

• Alfred Walter Campbell's return to Australia.

• Macmillan M1.
• Journal of the history of the neurosciences.J Hist Neurosci.2017 Nov 27:1-16. doi: 10.1080/0964704X.2017.1376796. [Epub ahead of print]
• PMID 29173053

• Helicase Domain of West Nile Virus NS3 Protein Plays a Role in Inhibition of Type I Interferon Signalling.

• Setoh YX1, Periasamy P2, Peng NYG3, Amarilla AA4, Slonchak A5, Khromykh AA6.
• Viruses.Viruses.2017 Nov 2;9(11). pii: E326. doi: 10.3390/v9110326.
• PMID 29099073

• Characterization of recombinant Flaviviridae viruses possessing a small reporter-tag.

• Tamura T1, Fukuhara T2, Uchida T3, Ono C1, Mori H1, Sato A1, Fauzyah Y1, Okamoto T1, Kurosu T4, Setoh YX5, Imamura M3, Tautz N6, Sakoda Y7, Khromykh AA5, Chayama K3, Matsuura Y2.
• Journal of virology.J Virol.2017 Nov 1. pii: JVI.01582-17. doi: 10.1128/JVI.01582-17. [Epub ahead of print]
• PMID 29093094

Japanese Journal

• Australian "X" disease, Murray Valley encephalitis, and the French connection

• Vet Microbiol 46, 79-90, 1995
• NAID 30006266214

• T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity against Dengue-Infected Target Cells

• MICROBIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY 32(5), 511-518, 1988
• NAID 130003483460

• Geographic Distribution of Arbovirus Antibodies in Indigenous Human Populations in the Indo-Australian Archipelago

• American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 28(2), 351-363, 1979-03
• NAID 120001269737

Related Links

• Australian Encephalitis - ThinkQuest : Library

In Australian encephalitis a person can sometimes have a very mild case and usually is unaware that they are sick, in fact only 1 in 500 people become seriously ill. There is often a sudden onset of fever, headache, dizziness and ...

• Australian X encephalitis - definition of Australian X ...

Murray Valley encephalitis Murray Valley encephalitis A rare, Japanese encephalitis-like disease caused by a flavivirus-group B togavirus, which occurs in small epidemic clusters in Murray Valley and elsewhere in Victoria and New ...

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「オーストラリア脳炎」
関連記事	「Australian」「Australia」

「オーストラリア脳炎」

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英

Australian encephalitis

「Australian」

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• オーストラリアの、オーストラリア人

関

Australia

　 　 　 　

「Australia」

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• オーストラリア

関

Australian