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2nd President of the United States (1735-1826) (同)John Adams, President Adams, President John Adams
6th President of the United States; son of John Adams (1767-1848) (同)John Quincy Adams, President Adams, President John Quincy Adams
a mountain peak in southwestern Washington in the Cascade Range (12,307 feet high) (同)Mount Adams
American Revolutionary leader and patriot; an organizer of the Boston Tea Party and signer of the Declaration of Independence (1722-1803) (同)Sam Adams, Samuel Adams
street names for methylenedioxymethamphetamine (同)ecstasy, XTC, go, disco biscuit, cristal, X, hug drug
Scottish architect who designed many public buildings in England and Scotland (1728-1792) (同)Robert Adam
(Old Testament) in Judeo-Christian mythology; the first man and the husband of Eve and the progenitor of the human race
a pattern of symptoms indicative of some disease
a complex of concurrent things; "every word has a syndrome of meanings"

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アダム(聖書によれば,神が天地を創造したとき,最初Adamをつくり,そのろっ骨の1本から最初の女Eveを造ったという)
(疾患の徴候となる一群の)症徴候,症候群 / (事件・社会的状態などのパターンを示す)徴候形態

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/12/07 20:18:55」(JST)

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Stokes–Adams syndrome (alternative eponyms include Gerbezius-Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome and Gerbec-Morgagni-Adams-Stokes syndrome)^[1] refers to a sudden, transient episode of syncope, occasionally featuring seizures. Named after two Irish physicians, Robert Adams (1791–1875)^[2] and William Stokes (1804–1877)^[3], the first description of the syndrome was published in 1717 by the Carniolan physician of Slovene descent Marko Gerbec, which was 44 years after its publication quoted by Giovanni Battista Morgagni.

Signs and symptoms

Prior to an attack, a patient may become pale, their heart rhythm experiences a temporary pause, and collapse may follow. Normal periods of unconsciousness last approximately thirty seconds; if seizures are present, they will consist of twitching after 15–20 seconds. Breathing continues normally throughout the attack, and so on recovery the patient becomes flushed as the heart rapidly pumps the oxygenated blood from the pulmonary beds into a systemic circulation which has become dilated due to hypoxia.^[4]

As with any syncopal episode that results from a cardiac dysrhythmia, the faints do not depend on the patient's position. If they occur during sleep, the presenting symptom may simply be feeling hot and flushed on waking.^[4]

Diagnosis

Stokes-Adams attacks may be diagnosed from the history, with paleness prior to the attack and flushing after it particularly characteristic. The ECG will show asystole, an AV block, or ventricular fibrillation during the attacks.

Causes

The attacks are caused by lack of cardiac output due to antimony poisoning, cardiac asystole, heart block, Lev's disease or ventricular fibrillation. The resulting lack of blood flow to the brain is responsible for the faint.

Treatment

Initial treatment can be medical, involving the use of drugs like isoprenaline (Isuprel) and epinephrine (adrenaline). Definitive treatment is surgical, involving the insertion of a pacemaker – most likely one with sequential pacing such as a DDI mode as opposed to the older VVI mechanisms,^[4] and the doctor may arrange the patient to undergo Electrocardiography to confirm this type of treatment.^[5]

Prognosis

If undiagnosed (or untreated), Stokes–Adams attacks have a 50% mortality within a year of the first episode. The prognosis following treatment is very good.

References

^ synd/1158 at Who Named It?
^ R. Adams. Cases of Diseases of the Heart, Accompanied with Pathological Observations. Dublin Hospital Reports, 1827, 4: 353–453.
^ W. Stokes. Observations on some cases of permanently slow pulse. Dublin Quarterly Journal of Medical Science, 1846, 2: 73–85.
^ ^a ^b ^c Katz, Jason; Patel, Chetan (2006). Parkland Manual of Inpatient Medicine. Dallas, TX: FA Davis. p. 903.
^ Chart 63: "Faintness and Fainting" ISBN 0-86318-864-8, page 161

UpToDate Contents

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1. 第3度（完全）房室ブロック third degree complete atrioventricular block
2. 失神の病態および病因 pathogenesis and etiology of syncope
3. 第2度房室ブロック：モビッツII型 second degree atrioventricular block mobitz type ii
4. 先天性第3度（完全）房室ブロック congenital third degree complete atrioventricular block

English Journal

[A prospective multicenter clinical study of Xuebijing injection in the treatment of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome].

Xuebijing Injection Iii Clinical Group G1, Gao J, Liu S, Feng Z, Shen H, Liu Q.
Zhonghua wei zhong bing ji jiu yi xue.Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue.2015 Jun;27(6):465-70. doi: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.2095-4352.2015.06.010.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Xuebijing injection in treatment of sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome ( MODS ).METHODS: A prospective multicenter clinical study was conducted. The patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, or MODS admitted to Department of Emergency
PMID 26049185

[Cardiology in the Morgagni's anatomo pathological work].

de Micheli A1, Iturralde P2, Aranda Fraustro A3.
Archivos de cardiologia de Mexico.Arch Cardiol Mex.2015 Apr 7. pii: S1405-9940(14)00185-2. doi: 10.1016/j.acmx.2014.11.002. [Epub ahead of print]
In the XVIII century, under the influence of the «systematic spirit», characteristic of the Enlightenment age, pathological anatomy was systematized in the Morgagni's fundamental treatise De sedibus et causis morborum per anatomen indagatis, published as letters in 1761. Certain biographical data
PMID 25862292