…Abductor spasmodic dysphonia is characterized by an abduction of the vocal cords during vocalization, resulting in a voice that is whispering and breathy. Mixed adductor-abductor spasmodic dysphonia can also …
…type). The less common abductor type of spasmodic dysphonia results in voiceless gaps in speech secondary to dysregulation of vocal fold abduction. Spasmodic dysphonia is not felt to be psychogenic in origin …
…cervical dystonia with dystonic head tremor, and isolated tremor of the voice is usually due to spasmodic dysphonia. Lower limb tremor is highly unusual in ET and often suggests Parkinson disease (PD). …
…with whispering or hoarseness) can occur in both laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia) and conversion disorder (functional dysphonia). Laryngeal dystonia may be either a primary pathologic phenomenon or…