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1. 気管切開の概要overview of tracheostomy [show details]
…patients who have undergone tracheostomy, several factors may predict nosocomial pneumonia following tracheostomy. In a retrospective study of 137 patients who underwent tracheostomy, early nosocomial pneumonia …
2. 緩和ケアにおける嚥下障害および誤嚥：評価およびマネージメント戦略swallowing disorders and aspiration in palliative care assessment and strategies for management [show details]
…have swallowing dysfunction, it is usually the illness that prompted the placement of the tracheostomy, rather than the tracheostomy itself, that is responsible for the swallowing dysfunction . A comprehensive …
3. 呼吸筋障害のある患者への非侵襲的換気療法continuous noninvasive ventilatory support for patients with respiratory muscle dysfunction [show details]
… those dependent on up to continuous tracheostomy mechanical ventilation (CTMV) can be extubated or decannulated to CNVS . Symptomatic respiratory muscle dysfunction, often with alveolar hypoventilation …
4. 乳児や小児の嚥下障害による誤嚥aspiration due to swallowing dysfunction in infants and children [show details]
… risk for chronic lung allograft dysfunction . Iatrogenic causes, including local anesthesia to the pharynx or the presence of orogastric or nasogastric tubes. Tracheostomy can also interfere with swallowing …
5. 肺移植を受ける患者に行う麻酔anesthesia for lung transplantation [show details]
… indicate that ECMO support is associated with lower rates of primary graft dysfunction (PGD), need for dialysis, tracheostomy, or blood transfusion, and shorter intubation time and hospital stay . Many …

「気管」

　　[★]

英: trachea (Z), tracheal tube
ラ: trachea
関: 気管支、気管支の分岐、肺

解剖

長さ12cm、直径2cm (HIS.298)。
C6椎体-T5椎体 / C6椎体の下部より始まりT4-T5椎体で左右の気管支に分かれる。)
喉頭の輪状軟骨の直下から始まり主気管支が分岐するところに終わる。 (HIS.298)

粘膜

1呼吸上皮(粘膜上皮)：多列線毛上皮

a. 杯細胞 goblet cell 30%　粘液物質の分泌　ムチンmucin
b. 線毛細胞 ciliated cell 30%　核は基底部に存在　線毛と微絨毛
c. 基底細胞 basal cell 30% 丈の低い細胞、未分化細胞　
d. その他　刷子細胞、漿液細胞、DNES細胞　など

2. 粘膜固有層　疎性結合組織　膠原線維、弾性線維、気管腺（混合腺）
3. 粘膜下組織　密生結合組織　
4. 外膜気管軟骨馬蹄形（C字軟骨）後方に開いている。10-12個

Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.
Henry Gray (1825-1861). Anatomy of the Human Body. 1918.