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1. ジストニアの分類および評価classification and evaluation of dystonia [show details]
…Abductor spasmodic dysphonia is characterized by an abduction of the vocal cords during vocalization, resulting in a voice that is whispering and breathy. The diagnosis of spasmodic dysphonia is made by …
2. 成人における嗄声hoarseness in adults [show details]
…type). The less common abductor type of spasmodic dysphonia results in voiceless gaps in speech secondary to dysregulation of vocal fold abduction. Spasmodic dysphonia is not felt to be psychogenic in origin …
3. ジストニアの治療treatment of dystonia [show details]
…(including writer cramp), and adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ie, adductor laryngeal dystonia) , while abductor spasmodic dysphonia (ie, abductor laryngeal dystonia) responds less predictably . The evidence …
4. 本態性振戦：臨床的特徴と診断essential tremor clinical features and diagnosis [show details]
…cervical dystonia with dystonic head tremor, and isolated tremor of the voice is usually due to spasmodic dysphonia. Lower limb tremor is highly unusual in ET and often suggests Parkinson disease (PD). …
5. 成人における転換性障害：用語、診断および鑑別診断conversion disorder in adults terminology diagnosis and differential diagnosis [show details]
…with whispering or hoarseness) can occur in both laryngeal dystonia (spasmodic dysphonia) and conversion disorder (functional dysphonia). Laryngeal dystonia may be either a primary pathologic phenomenon or…