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1. 膵外分泌腫瘍の病理pathology of exocrine pancreatic neoplasms [show details]
… Examples include adenosquamous carcinoma , colloid carcinoma , hepatoid carcinoma, anaplastic undifferentiated carcinoma , medullary carcinoma,… main pancreatic duct or major branch ducts. In fact, many ductal adenocarcinomas appear to arise more peripherally, in small ducts within the acinar tissue. As they grow, pancreatic ductal neoplasms…
2. 慢性膵炎の合併症の概要overview of the complications of chronic pancreatitis [show details]
… and risk factors for pancreatic cancer (as cancer can mimic this clinical presentation).… Pancreatic ascites and pleural effusion may develop following disruption of the pancreatic duct,…
3. 膵管癒合不全：臨床症状および診断pancreas divisum clinical manifestations and diagnosis [show details]
… accessory duct of Santorini does not connect with the genu of the main pancreatic duct and can therefore be mistaken for a mimic of malignant obstruction. The physiologic significance of this anomaly is that …
4. 膵癌に関する家族性の危険因子と高リスク患者のスクリーニングfamilial risk factors for pancreatic cancer and screening of high risk patients [show details]
… Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (pancreatic cancer [PC]) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide . In the United States, PC ranks fourth in leading causes of cancer deaths …
5. 膵体頭部病変の外科的切除surgical resection of lesions of the head of the pancreas [show details]
… those with a small [<2 mm] pancreatic duct) and that drains be removed early when there is no evidence of fistula development. The standard operation for pancreatic cancer within the head or uncinate …

「癌」

英: cancer
関: 悪性腫瘍

種類

癌腫(carcinoma):上皮性
肉腫(sarcoma):間葉系
carcinoma：腺癌(adenocarcinma)、扁平上皮癌(squamous cell carcinoma)、移行上皮癌(transitional cell carcinoma)
sarcoma：骨肉腫、横紋筋肉腫、平滑筋肉腫、脂肪肉腫、線維肉腫

Neoplasm	Causes	Effect
Small cell lung carcinoma	ACTH or ACTH-like peptide	Cushing’s syndrome
Small cell lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasms	ADH	SIADH
Squamous cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, breast carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and bone metastasis (lysed bone)	PTH-related peptide, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL-1	Hypercalcemia
Renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma	Erythropoietin	Polycythemia
Thymoma, small cell lung carcinoma	Antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels at neuromuscular junction	Lambert-Eaton syndrome (muscle weakness)
Leukemias and lymphomas	Hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover (i.e., cytotoxic therapy)	Gout, urate nephropathy

最新癌統計

http://ganjoho.ncc.go.jp/public/statistics/pub/statistics01.html

●2005年の死亡数が多い部位は順に
	1位	2位	3位	4位	5位
男性	肺	胃	肝臓	結腸	膵臓	結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は4位
女性	胃	肺	結腸	肝臓	乳房	結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は1位
男女計	肺	胃	肝臓	結腸	膵臓	結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は3位

●2001年の罹患数が多い部位は順に
	1位	2位	3位	4位	5位
男性	胃	肺	結腸	肝臓	前立腺	結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は2位
女性	乳房*1	胃	結腸	子宮*1	肺	結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は1位
男女計	胃	肺	結腸	乳房*1	肝臓	結腸と直腸を合わせた大腸は2位
*1上皮内がんを含む。

癌の素因となる遺伝子

HIM.494

Table 79-1 Cancer Predisposition Syndromes and Associated Genes
Syndrome	Gene	Chromosome	Inheritance	Tumors
ataxia telangiectasia	ATM	11q22-q23	AR	breast cancer
autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome	FAS	10q24	AD	lymphomas
autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome	FASL	1q23		lymphomas
Bloom syndrome	BLM	15q26.1	AR	cancer of all types
Cowden syndrome	PTEN	10q23	AD	breast, thyroid
familial adenomatous polyposis	APC	5q21	AD	intestinal adenoma, colorectal cancer
familial melanoma	p16INK4	9p21	AD	melanoma, pancreatic cancer
familial Wilms tumor	WT1	11p13	AD	pediatric kidney cancer
hereditary breast/ovarian cancer	BRCA1	17q21	AD	breast, ovarian, colon, prostate
hereditary breast/ovarian cancer	BRCA2	13q12.3		breast, ovarian, colon, prostate
hereditary diffuse gastric cancer	CDH1	16q22	AD	stomach cancers
hereditary multiple exostoses	EXT1	8q24	AD	exostoses, chondrosarcoma
hereditary multiple exostoses	EXT2	11p11-12		exostoses, chondrosarcoma
hereditary prostate cancer	HPC1	1q24-25	AD	prostate carcinoma
hereditary retinoblastoma	RB1	13q14.2	AD	retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma
hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC)	MSH2	2p16	AD	colon, endometrial, ovarian, stomach, small bowel, ureter carcinoma
	MLH1	3p21.3
	MSH6	2p16
	PMS2	7p22
hereditary papillary renal carcinoma	MET	7q31	AD	papillary renal tumor
juvenile polyposis	SMAD4	18q21	AD	gastrointestinal, pancreatic cancers
Li-Fraumeni	TP53	17p13.1	AD	sarcoma, breast cancer
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1	MEN1	11q13	AD	parathyroid, endocrine, pancreas, and pituitary
multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2a	RET	10q11.2	AD	medullary thyroid carcinoma, pheochromocytoma
neurofibromatosis type 1	NF1	17q11.2	AD	neurofibroma, neurofibrosarcoma, brain tumor
neurofibromatosis type 2	NF2	22q12.2	AD	vestibular schwannoma, meningioma, spine
nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin's syndrome)	PTCH	9q22.3	AD	basal cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma, jaw cysts
tuberous sclerosis	TSC1	9q34	AD	angiofibroma, renal angiomyolipoma
tuberous sclerosis	TSC2	16p13.3		angiofibroma, renal angiomyolipoma
von Hippel–Lindau	VHL	3p25-26	AD	kidney, cerebellum, pheochromocytoma

癌遺伝子、癌抑制遺伝子

癌の危険因子

生活習慣病#生活習慣病などのリスクファクターを改変

疾患		危険因子	防御因子
悪性腫瘍	胃癌	塩辛い食品、喫煙、くん製製品、ニトロソアミン土壌、腸上皮化生、Helicobacter pyroli	ビタミンC、野菜、果実
	食道癌	喫煙、飲酒、熱い飲食物	野菜、果実
	結腸癌	高脂肪食、肉食、低い身体活動、腸内細菌叢の変化、遺伝(家族性大腸腺腫症)
	肝癌	HBVキャリア・HCVキャリア、アフラトキシン、住血吸虫、飲酒
	肺癌	喫煙(特に扁平上皮癌)、大気汚染、職業的暴露(石綿(扁平上皮癌、悪性中皮腫)、クロム)	野菜、果実
	膵癌	高脂肪食、喫煙
	口腔癌	喫煙(口唇・舌-パイプ)、ビンロウ樹の実(口腔、舌)、飲酒
	咽頭癌	EBウイルス(上咽頭癌)、飲酒
	喉頭癌	喫煙、男性、アルコール
	乳癌	高年初産、乳癌の家族歴、肥満、未婚で妊娠回数少ない、無授乳、脂肪の過剰摂取、低年齢初経、高年齢閉経	母乳授乳
	子宮頚癌	初交年齢若い、早婚、多産、性交回数が多い(売春)、貧困、不潔]、HSV-2、HPV、流産、人工妊娠中絶回数が多い
	子宮体癌	肥満、糖尿病、ピル、エストロゲン常用、未婚、妊娠回数少ない、乳癌後のタモキシフエン内服
	膀胱癌	喫煙、鎮痛剤乱用、ビルハルツ住血吸虫、サッカリン、防腐剤
	皮膚癌	日光(紫外線)、ヒ素(Bowen病)
	白血病	放射線、ベンゼン、地域集積性(ATL)、ダウン症(小児白血病)
	骨腫瘍	電離放射線
	甲状腺癌	ヨード欠乏または過剰