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1. 硬膜穿刺後頭痛preterm labor clinical findings diagnostic evaluation and initial treatment [show details]
…Identifying patients with preterm contractions who will go on to give birth preterm is an inexact process, even though preterm labor is one of the most common reasons for hospitalization in pregnancy. Accurate … research studies also required documented cervical change or cervical effacement ≥80 percent or cervical dilation >2 cm.…
2. 陣痛：正常および異常分娩進行の概要labor overview of normal and abnormal progression [show details]
…effaced . Normal labor results in descent and eventual expulsion of the fetus. Parity affects this process: Parous patients who have had a previous vaginal birth have faster labors than nulliparous patients …
3. 陣痛および分娩：正常な第一ステージのマネージメントlabor and delivery management of the normal first stage [show details]
… A doula provides one-on-one continuous support during the birthing process and focuses on patient factors that have been associated with a positive childbirth experience.… the individual focus and attention; Significant cervical effacement (≥80 percent) Cervical dilation at least 4 to 5 cm with documented cervical change,…
4. 頸管無力症cervical insufficiency [show details]
…– Cervical trauma is most common risk factor for cervical insufficiency. It may result from the process of labor or birth (spontaneous, forceps- or vacuum-assisted, cesarean) , rapid mechanical cervical … A substantial proportion of pregnancies with premature cervical effacement have good outcomes in the index pregnancy and…
5. 単胎児の骨盤位分娩delivery of the singleton fetus in breech presentation [show details]
… and allows extraction of the foot and the leg The same procedure can be repeated, if needed, to deliver the other leg and foot.… neck/head flexion and descent. Rotation of the trunk and extraction of limbs, when needed to assist this process, is acceptable, but traction on the trunk should be avoided as it is thought to cause extension of… Intact membranes may also help facilitate cervical effacement and dilation.…

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