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1. 小児の聴覚障害：病因hearing loss in children etiology [show details]
…of hearing loss in children are reviewed here The evaluation and treatment of hearing loss are discussed separately. The following terms are used throughout this topic: Conductive hearing loss – Conductive …
2. 小児の難聴：聴覚検査および評価hearing loss in children screening and evaluation [show details]
… evaluation of hearing loss in children is reviewed here. Causes of hearing loss in infants and children are summarized in the table and discussed in detail separately Screening newborns for hearing loss and management …
3. 原発性早期卵巣障害（早期卵巣機能不全）の病因と原因pathogenesis and causes of spontaneous primary ovarian insufficiency premature ovarian failure [show details]
… she had had no clinical evidence of hypogonadism . While some women with primary hypogonadism can recall a preceding viral illness,… Fragile X syndrome is an X-linked form of intellectual disability that is one of the most common causes of developmental delay worldwide .… Perrault syndrome is a disorder of sensorineural deafness and various additional neurologic manifestations .…
4. ミトコンドリアミオパシー：臨床的特徴および診断mitochondrial myopathies clinical features and diagnosis [show details]
… variable degrees of sensorineural hearing loss, axonal neuropathy, ataxia, depression, parkinsonism, hypogonadism,… and retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) is characterized by a variable combination of developmental delay, sensory polyneuropathy, ataxia, pigmentary retinopathy,…fluid protein (>100 mg/dL), cardiac conduction defects, anemia, diabetes, deafness, and cognitive deficits or intellectual disability . KSS is usually more severe than isolated CPEO, progressing to complete …
5. シャルコー・マリー・トゥース病：遺伝的特性、臨床的特徴、診断charcot marie tooth disease genetics clinical features and diagnosis [show details]
… include deteriorating vision due to retinitis pigmentosa and anosmia. Sensorineural hearing loss,… CMT with deafness and intellectual disability) is a rare form of infantile-onset axonal X-linked CMT . Affected males demonstrated severe muscle weakness associated with deafness and intellectual… with progressive spastic paraparesis, abnormal sphincter control, and sexual dysfunction. Gonadal dysfunction may precede motor abnormalities. The majority have adrenal insufficiency. AMN may also present …

「網膜」

英: retina
関: 眼、眼球

図：SP.275,

組織学

10層よりなる (SP.275)

構造	層		細胞体
脈絡膜
網膜
1	色素上皮層		色素上皮細胞	pigment epithelium cell
2	杆体錐体層	rod and cone layer
3	外境界膜
4	外顆粒層	outer nuclear layer	視細胞	photoreceptor
5	外網状層	outer plexiform layer
6	内顆粒層	inner nuclear layer	双極細胞	bipolar cell
			水平細胞	horizontal cell
			アマクリン細胞	amacrine cell
7	内網状層	inner plexiform layer
8	神経節細胞層	ganglion cell layer	神経節細胞	ganglion cell
9	神経線維層	optic nerve fiber layer
10	内境界膜