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1. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）：定義、臨床症状、診断、および病期分類chronic obstructive pulmonary disease definition clinical manifestations diagnosis and staging [show details]
… . A high resolution CT scan with three-dimensional reconstruction can be helpful. The gold standard for diagnosis is direct visualization. Bronchiectasis – Bronchiectasis, a condition of abnormal …
2. 脳炎または髄膜炎患者における単純ヘルペスウイルスの診断のためのPCR検査pcr testing for the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus in patients with encephalitis or meningitis [show details]
…sensitivity and specificity rates of 75 to 85 percent and 60 to 90 percent, respectively . The "gold standard" for the diagnosis of HSE has been brain biopsy, with identification of HSV in the tissue by cell …
3. 動脈瘤性くも膜下出血：臨床症状および診断aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage clinical manifestations and diagnosis [show details]
…define their anatomic features and remains the gold standard test for this indication . Most ruptured aneurysms can be readily identified using standard cross-sectional imaging techniques coupled with …
4. 小児の成長測定measurement of growth in children [show details]
…important components of the nutritional assessment of children because normal growth patterns are the gold standard by which clinicians assess the health and well-being of children. A normal growth pattern does …
5. 腹腔鏡下胆嚢摘出術laparoscopic cholecystectomy [show details]
…United States are performed laparoscopically . Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the "gold standard" for the surgical treatment of gallstone disease. This procedure results in less postoperative …