英: parchment induration

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1. 多形日光疹polymorphous light eruption [show details]
…resolution of PMLE, a process referred to as "hardening." By mid-summer, many patients are clear of the rash due to this phenomenon. The mechanism underlying hardening is not well understood, but is likely due …
2. 新生児皮膚硬化症sclerema neonatorum [show details]
…uncommon severe panniculitis that manifests as a diffuse skin hardening in critically ill, premature, and low-birthweight infants . The hardened skin and subcutaneous fat become bound down and adherent to …
3. 若年性全身性硬化症（強皮症）：分類、臨床症状、診断juvenile systemic sclerosis scleroderma classification clinical manifestations and diagnosis [show details]
…multisystem, connective tissue disease typically characterized by symmetrical fibrous thickening and hardening of the skin combined with fibrous changes in internal organs, such as the esophagus, intestinal …
4. 進行した腎不全における腎性全身性線維症／腎性線維化性皮膚症nephrogenic systemic fibrosis nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy in advanced kidney disease [show details]
…patients with advanced kidney disease and is characterized by two primary features : Thickening and hardening of the skin overlying the extremities and trunk; Marked expansion and fibrosis of the dermis in …
5. 口腔白板症oral leukoplakia [show details]
…suggesting cancer (ie, increased heterogeneity, occurrence of erythematous or ulcerated areas, hardening of involved mucosa, lymphadenopathy) must be biopsied. Local recurrence or development of oral …