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1. 胸部に行う低侵襲手術の概要overview of minimally invasive thoracic surgery [show details]
… the robot system, and the service contract for the robot system. Longer duration of surgery (longer setup time).… Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is another option for any of the procedures performed by VATS that would benefit from the three-dimensional binocular vision and wristed movements…
2. 眼の待機手術に対する麻酔anesthesia for elective eye surgery [show details]
… anesthesia for ophthalmic surgery can be both vision- and life-threatening . An acronym to remember the serious complications of eye surgery is OPHTS .… anesthetic techniques are rare during eye surgery. Spread of local anesthetic into the central nervous system (ie,… often accompanied by retinal detachment, and this is managed with vitrectomy and retinal reattachment surgery.…
3. 眼の緊急手術で行う麻酔anesthesia for emergency eye surgery [show details]
… elective eye surgery is discussed separately. Emergency and surgical management of specific eye injuries, including open globe injury, conjunctival injury, traumatic hyphema, and retinal detachment… traumatic eye injury (eg, intraocular foreign body removal, repair of dehiscence of a previous surgical wound) . Furthermore, regional anesthesia may be used when the likelihood of salvaging vision is low…
4. レーザー屈折矯正手術laser refractive surgery [show details]
… rule out a diagnosis of dry eye before performing surgery. A patient with dry eye syndrome will complain of intermittent blurry vision secondary to poor tear film; sharp,… laser eye tracking systems are now available that allow precision corneal ablation during eye movements . The eye can move during laser treatment… refractive surgery candidates may have macular diseases such as macular degeneration or inherited retinal dystrophies. The peripheral retina may have signs of lattice degeneration, retinal tears, retinal holes…
5. 直腸脱に対する外科的アプローチsurgical approach to rectal procidentia rectal prolapse [show details]
…Robotic-assisted surgery combines the advantages of laparoscopic surgery (eg, less postoperative pain, faster recovery) with those of open surgery (eg, high-quality three-dimensional vision,… of the eye-hand-target axis) but has the disadvantages of high cost, long intraoperative setup times, and long procedure times . The perineal procedures have the advantages of sparing the pelvic nerves …

「網膜」

英: retina
関: 眼、眼球

図：SP.275,

組織学

10層よりなる (SP.275)

構造	層		細胞体
脈絡膜
網膜
1	色素上皮層		色素上皮細胞	pigment epithelium cell
2	杆体錐体層	rod and cone layer
3	外境界膜
4	外顆粒層	outer nuclear layer	視細胞	photoreceptor
5	外網状層	outer plexiform layer
6	内顆粒層	inner nuclear layer	双極細胞	bipolar cell
			水平細胞	horizontal cell
			アマクリン細胞	amacrine cell
7	内網状層	inner plexiform layer
8	神経節細胞層	ganglion cell layer	神経節細胞	ganglion cell
9	神経線維層	optic nerve fiber layer
10	内境界膜