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1. 成人における視覚障害：屈折障害と老視visual impairment in adults refractive disorders and presbyopia [show details]
… Astigmatism – Similar to hyperopia, the prevalence of astigmatism increases with age from approximately… Cellular and/or physiologic mechanisms are thought to cause retinal defocusing…
2. 小児における屈折異常refractive errors in children [show details]
…and near fixation. Astigmatism is corrected with a cylindrical lens Astigmatism should be corrected in symptomatic children and in asymptomatic children with large degrees of astigmatism (ie, approximately …
3. 原発性乳児緑内障primary infantile glaucoma [show details]
… can cause astigmatism if the enlargement is irregular . In one series of 59 patients with 102 eyes affected by primary infantile glaucoma, 24 percent had at least 2 diopters of astigmatism .… cupping of the optic nerve can be physiologic or due to optic nerve anomaly (ie,…
4. 先天性グリコシル化異常症の概要overview of congenital disorders of glycosylation [show details]
… These structural and localization factors influence the physiologic impact of glycosylation. Examples of the physiologic importance of glycosylation include the endocrine axis,… persistent vomiting, global developmental delay and intellectual disability, strabismus, myopia, astigmatism, and retinitis pigmentosa, coagulopathy, stroke-like episodes, and orthopedic problems, especially …
5. 円錐角膜keratoconus [show details]
…with corticosteroids. A more common complication of penetrating keratoplasty is astigmatism. Treatment options for astigmatism include contact lens correction, refractive surgery, relaxing incisions, wedge …