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1. 水分バランス異常（低ナトリウム血症および高ナトリウム血症）およびナトリウムバランス異常（循環血液量減少および浮腫）の一般原則general principles of disorders of water balance hyponatremia and hypernatremia and sodium balance hypovolemia and edema [show details]
… resulting in water movement into or out of the cells. Plasma osmolality (Posm) – The Posm is determined by the ratio of plasma solute particles and plasma water.… diuretic dose or sodium or potassium intake is changed. Similarly, when an intravenous loop diuretic is given at a constant dose to stable patients, the maximum diuresis occurs after the first dose with bolus…
2. 血液透析に使用される水の混入物質contaminants in water used for hemodialysis [show details]
… Water is required for hemodialysis. Hemodialysis patients are vulnerable to contaminants in the water used to prepare concentrate and dialysis fluid or in water used for reprocessing dialyzers . This …
3. 成人における高ナトリウム血症の病因および評価etiology and evaluation of hypernatremia in adults [show details]
… pressures of water and CO2 are nearly identical in alveolar air in patients with a normal arterial pCO2, and thus are eliminated in a 1:1 ratio. Because water and CO2 are produced in a 1:1 ratio by metabolism …
4. 赤血球細胞膜：構造、機構、動態red blood cell membrane structure organization and dynamics [show details]
…mechanical stability ; Increased cell water – A relative increase in the amount of cell water decreases the SA/V ratio. This occurs in hemolysis due to inappropriate use of water as a diluent for RBC transfusion …
5. 成人の急性腎障害における腎前性疾患と急性尿細管壊死の病因および診断etiology and diagnosis of prerenal disease and acute tubular necrosis in acute kidney injury in adults [show details]
… proximal reabsorption of sodium and water . Thus, a high ratio suggests prerenal disease as long as other causes of a high ratio are not present.… (also called SPICE, K2) . mTOR inhibitors, such as everolimus and temsirolimus, when used in high doses, such as for treatment of renal cell carcinoma, breast cancer, and other cancers . AKI, as defined …